Ppt on Elements of Children and Adolescent Literature

1. UNIT II
ELEMENTS OF
CHILDREN
ADOLESCENT
LITERATURE
GROUP 2:

2. LEARNING
OUTCOMES
At the end of this Unit, the pre-
service teachers are expected to:
 Demonstrate knowledge on the
elements of children and adolescent
literature;
 Analyze the elements of the selected
children and adolescent literature;
 Produce a creatively written piece
that encapsulates one’s
understanding of the elements of
children and adolescent literature.

3. INTRODUCTION
• Quality reading materials such as
fiction, non-fiction, and poetry do
not literally express everything the
reader needs to know.
• Analyzing literature will help the
readers process their own
experiences and branch out beyond
their own beliefs.
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4. LESSON 1
ELEMENTS OF
FICTION

5. CHARACTERIZATION

6. CHARACTER
- is the "who" of the story.

7. “The successful development
of the main character is the
most vital element of the work.”
(Brown & Stephen, 2007)
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Characters include the people and
animals that are featured in the
narrative.
 The characterization are developed
through dialogues and descriptions of
the authors.

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 the narrator's portrayal of how the
characters look like and their personality
through the vivid description.
 what other character see
 on what they do, how they act and
interact, what they feel and speak.
CHARACTERS ARE DEVELOPED
BASED ON:

10. MAIN CHARACTER
- The central characters are either
the PROTAGONIST or
ANTAGONIST.

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Protagonist- is the hero in the story.
Antagonist- is the villain or someone
whose function is to oppose the hero or
has qualities opposite of the hero.
The heroes are significant figures in
children's literature since they show
commendable qualities and serve as
models of good values to the children.

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Not only that, villains help the heroes fulfill their heroic
acts. They also help the young readers deal with the
idea of darkness, injustice, unfairness. They are the
exact figures of what children have to avoid becoming,
what behaviors not be followed. It will help children to
make favorable choices. They will help children
process negative emotions positively. They also
represent the tangible forces that give people
challenges and obstacles, which happen in real life.

13. SUPPORTING
CHARACTERS
- are people who serve as a
backdrop to the main characters'
story.

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 they are usually the allies of the protagonists
who provide support, they create a particular
interest, provide comic relief or enhance the
main characters’.
 It exist to affect the heroes and give us a
better view of the heroes’ characterization.
 - It is archetypes are the confidantes, the
mentors, the sidekicks, the love interest, or
the fool.

15. ROUND
CHARACTERS
- Characters can be identified as
round or dynamic, flat or static,
stock and foil.

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 is the most developed characters since
they have to undergo character transition
and changes to respond to their
experiences and the events in the story.
 They the most detailed characters who
change in the course of the plot.

17. FLAT, STATIC, AND
STOCK
CHARACTERS

18. FLAT AND STATIC
CHARACTER
- Flat characters are usually static
characters.

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 they can be distinguished in terms of character
change and emotion.
 A flat character is someone who has not shows
complex emotions or complex motivations, while static
characters are those who do not change over time, the
personalities do not evolve.
 They consistently show the same qualities from the
beginning of the story until the end.
 The protagonist and antagonists in most of the
classical and medieval literature are static characters. -
They are consistent with their side being good or bad.

20. STOCK
CHARACTERS
- are those that are usually
stereotyped or those that are
recognizable and are based on
clichés

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 Stock Characters are in between
archetype and stereotype.
 it includes the qualities of heroes as
manly, handsome, good, courageous,
usually with a heroine counterpart who is
beautiful, innocent, gentle, and kind
personality.

22. FOIL CHARACTERS
- is anyone who exhibits contrasting
qualities of the protagonist or
another character in the story to
highlight the difference.

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 Stock Characters are in between
archetype and stereotype.
 it includes the qualities of heroes as manly,
handsome, good, courageous, usually with
a heroine counterpart who is beautiful,
innocent, gentle, and kind personality.
 The hero and the villain foil each other.

24. DEUNTERAGONISTS
AND CONFIDANTE

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Deuteragonist - are secondary characters of
importance.
 They are sometimes close to the main
characters' and share the same intention
with them or play neutral.
 They may serve as a foil to the protagonist
or share the same qualities with them.

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The Confidantes - are the closest person's to
the protagonists.
 The main character usually reveals his/her
mind to the confidant.
THE HERO AND THE VILLAIN FOIL EACH
OTHER.
DEUTERAGONIST AND CONFIDANTE

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 Confidantes help the protagonist to make
decisions, handle situations, analyze
problems and recover.
 The confidante provides advice, persuades
the main character, or confronts them.
THE HERO AND THE VILLAIN FOIL EACH
OTHER.
DEUTERAGONIST AND CONFIDANTE

28. SETTING
-Every story occurs in a geographical
location during a certain period.

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 It can be introduced by directly stating the
place and the time the story take place.
 Setting can be revealed through the
character's eyes, manners and orientations.

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the alternative realities such as the past,
present, future or the combination of the three;
the weather, climate, location, or the
topography;
he concrete or imaginary time and place;
the abstract location ( such as the wardrobe in
"The lion, the witch, and the Wardrobe)
TO UNDERSTAND THE SETTING, THE READERS
SHOULD LOOK INTO THE FOLLOWING:

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Integral part/ setting - the time and place
are described in detail. It dictates the
language that the characters uses, the
norms of the society and culture, the means
and style of transportation, the clothes that
the characters wear, and the activities that
the people are engaged in.
SETTING CAN BE AN INTEGRAL PART OR
SERVE AS A BACKDROP

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Backdrop - creates a visual charm but is not
significant to the whole plot. Backdrop
setting in many traditional pieces of literature
helps in presenting universal or general
ideas.
SETTING CAN BE AN INTEGRAL PART OR
SERVE AS A BACKDROP

33. PLOT
- A plot is a narrative or the logical order
of events in a story.

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Beginning – imitates an action towards
achieving the intended chains of cause and
effects
ARISTOTLE 'S UNIFIED PLOT STRUCTURE

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Middle - is where the complication is
introduced and how it is overcome.
End/Ending - provides a resolution or
closure to the story
ARISTOTLE 'S UNIFIED PLOT STRUCTURE

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Exposition - introduces the setting and
provides a background of the major
characters and their relationships.
Rising Action - It is where the complications
are introduced and tensions built between
and among the characters that lead to
climax .
FREYTAY’S PLOT STRUCTURE

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Climax- the highest peak of the plot, where
the characters make a decision, or where
there is a revelation, a twist or a turning
point of a turning point for the major
character.
FREYTAY’S PLOT STRUCTURE

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Falling Action - takes place when the
conflict of the major characters is almost
resolved.
Resolution - where the readers are
provided with a sense of closure.
FREYTAY’S PLOT STRUCTURE

39. CONFLICT
- Another very essential element of a
story . It is the main challenge to the
characters.

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Man vs. himself - highlights the inner
conflict if the main character that causes him
/her to fail.
Man vs. nature - portrays the struggle of the
main character against nature.
THE MAIN TYPES OF CONFLICT INCLUDE;

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Man vs. Man - is a conflict between the
protagonist and antagonist of the story.
Man vs. Society - depicts the protagonists'
struggle between the norms, the culture, and
the society itself.
THE MAIN TYPES OF CONFLICT INCLUDE;

42. THEME
- A central idea of a hidden meaning of
the story.
- It is always related to the subject yet
that can be distinguished from the
subject.

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Main themes - present overall ideas of the
story.
Minor themes - can be deduced at a certain
point of the narrative.
THEMES CAN ALSO BE CHUNKED INTO
SUBTHEMES

44. MORAL
- A central idea of a hidden meaning of
the story.
- It is always related to the subject yet
that can be distinguished from the
subject.

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Theme – refers to the “what” of the story.
Moral – refers to the “why” of the story. It is
a piece of wisdom that the author wants to
convey.
THE THEME AND MORAL ARE TWO
RELATED ELEMENTS.

46. POINT OF VIEW
- It is a perspective that determines who
tells the story.

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1st person POV – point of view of the Main
Character/s
2nd person POV – readers are involved in
the story
3rd person POV – author is directly telling
the story.
THE THEME AND MORAL ARE TWO
RELATED ELEMENTS.

48. ALTERNATING POINT
OF VIEW
- Point of view shifts from one person to
another or a story if told from the
perspective of two or more person’s.

49. THIRD PERSON
OMNISCIENT POINT
OF VIEW
Omniscient Narrator - an all knowing
narrator being aware of everything that
happens and what is about to happen in
a story.

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- Can move freely from one mind to
another and reveals to the readers how each
character thinks.
- Knows the character more than they
know themselves and us aware of the past
and future events.

51. THIRD PERSON
LIMITED POINT OF
VIEW
When the story unfolds through the eyes of
the characters, the narration used is 3rd
Person POV or the Limited Omniscient POV. It
is a POV that allows readers to get to know
the characters deeply by observing the
feelings and sense of the characters.

52. OBJECTIVE POINT
OF VIEW
A narration where the narrator does not
enclose or enter the minds of the
characters. Narrates as an observer or
reporter who only tells facts.

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- Does not know what the characters
thinks unless they engaged in a dialogue.
- Narrator does not comment on the
events of the story. The story unfolds based
on the actions of the characters.

54. MOOD
As a literary element, mood is the
emotive atmosphere within the story
conveyed through the use of language,
setting and physical location, feelings of
the main characters, or music.

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 The mood of the literary piece is
described as an emotional impact to the
readers, or what the readers feel about
the plot, dialogues, setting, and events in
the story.

56. TONE
For fiction, tone refers to the author's
attitude towards a subject that serves
as the backdrop of the story.

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 It is conveyed through the use of
expressions or the author's choice of
words and syntax.
 Usually, the author's tone creates the
mood or the overall feeling of the story.
The authors choose a tone to serve as the
backdrop of a story.

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 Common tones are intellectual, hopeful,
melancholy.
 Children's literature usually has a didactic
tone.
 This includes hopeful, moralistic, loving,
sympathetic, and wondrous tones.
 Since tone influences the meaning of the
reading material, stories must be processed
so children can understand the message of
the story.

59. STYLE
Style is an element that is very personal
to the author. It has to do with how the
author writes rather than what the author
writes.

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 It reflects the author's choice of diction,
literary techniques, figurative language,
sentence structures, rhythm, and
symbolism.
 Style usually sets the mood of the story.
Style is what distinguishes author from
another.

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 Most readers choose a literary piece
because of the authors' style of writing.
 Several authors have specific writing
styles, such as the use of flashbacks or
media res.
 Style is what distinguishes one author
from another.

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the words used as well as the structures of
the sentences;
the mood created;
the tone of the story;
the effect that the author wants to achieve;
the symbolism, imagery, details; and
the use of the literary devices.
TO ANALYZE THE AUTHOR'S STYLE, THE
READERS MUST LOOK INTO THE
FOLLOWING:

63. GROUP 2 MEMBERS:
REYMART NARRA
JASMIN GARCIA
LOVELY O. TOYCO CHARLENE APON
ABIGAIL ESTARES
SHEMAIAH MAE BANDOL
ROVIE ALMA REBETA
CARMELA AZUL

64. Task 1: Explain
Read the Story, Little Women, by Louisa May Alcott and write a character
analysis.
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Characterization Protagonist Antagonist Deuteragonist Confidante
Other
Supporting
Character
Round/Dynamic
Static
Flat
Stock
Foil

65. Task 2: Analysis
Choose any of the Children and Adolescent Literature/ Books and Discuss
your analysis.
Title:
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Element Analysis
Setting
Point View
Tone
Mood
Style
Theme
Moral

66. Task 3: Analysis
Choose any of the Children and Adolescent Literature/ Books and Discuss
your analysis.
Title:
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1.Exposition
2.Rising action
3.Climax
4.Falling Action
5.Resolution

67. Thank you for listening!
We hope that you learn something