The document discusses deforestation and its impacts on climate change. It notes that approximately 30% of the Earth's land is covered by forests. Deforestation is driven by both anthropogenic factors like increasing wood fuel collection and urbanization as well as natural factors like drought and fires. Deforestation is defined as the removal of forests where the land is converted to non-forest use. The impacts of deforestation include increased carbon emissions, degradation of peatlands, and forest fires, all of which contribute to climate change. Countries like Indonesia, Nigeria, Pakistan, and India are discussed in terms of their high deforestation rates and vulnerability to the effects of climate change.

1. Deforestation &
Climate Change

2.  A forest is a land which is covered
with more than 10% of trees & an
area of more than half a hectare(FAO,
2005);Inyang & Esohe, 2014)
 Approximately 30% of the Earth’s
land mass is covered by forests(Percy
et. al)

3. OREST
(Josepth et. al, 2004, Song et. al 2014)

5. OREST
(Josepth et. al, 2004, Song et. al 2014)

6. (Josepth et. al, 2004, Song et. al 2014)

11. Deforestation
& Climate
change
Deforestation &
its Impacts on
Climate Change
An Overview of
Pakistan
Impact of
Deforestation
on Climate
Change
The Effects &
Linkages of
Deforestation
and
Temperature on
Climate Change
in Nigeria
Indonesia: A
Vulnerable
Country in the
Face of Climate
Change
Deforesta
tion &
Climate
Change
The Effects &
Linkages of
Deforestation &
Temperature on
Climate Change
in Nigeria
Indonesia: A
Vulnerable
Country in the
face of Climate
Change
Impact of
Deforestation on
Climate Change
Deforestation &
Its Impacts on
Climate Change
An Overview of
Pakistan

12. 2
factors
anthropogenic
Increased wood fuel collection,
increasing urbanization &
industrialization & clearing of
forests for agriculture (FAO,
2002)
natural
Impacts of drought &
natural forest fires (FAO,
2010, Insaidoo et. al, 2012)

13. is the removal of a forest or
stand of trees where the
land is thereafter converted
to a non-forest
use(Dictionary of Forestry,
2008)
Deforestation
Climate
Change
Refers to any long term
change in Earth’s climate or
in the climate of a region or
city. This includes warming,
cooling, and changes
besides temperature.

15. World’s largest archipelago, consisting of 17,000 islands
and spanning across two biogeographic regions- the
Indolalayan & Australasian (World Bank, 2010).
Home to the world’s richest biological diversity of plant &
animal life on the entire planet (USAID, 2008)
Has the highest marine diversity in the world & second
largest area of rainforest (USAID, 2008)
Measey, M (June 2010)

16. Measey,M(June2010)

17. Deforestation Forest fires
Degradation
of peat land
Measey, M (June 2010)

18. Measey, M (June 2010)

19. India is a large developing country with nearly 700 million rural
population directly depending on climate-sensitive sectors( agriculture,
forests and fisheries) and natural resources (such as water,
biodiversity, mangroves, coastal zones, grasslands) for their
subsistence and livelihoods.
deforestation
K, A (June 2013)

20. In Pakistan, 39 thousand
hectares of forests are
vanishing annually at an
annual depletion rate of more
than 1.5% (Schweikert et. al,
2014)
Increa
sing
trend
of
deforestation
Due to illegal
exploitation and poor
implementation of
legislation the forest
cover
Ali, A et. al (2014))

21. Zaccheaus, O. (2014)
Inyang & Esohe (2014) cited that deforestation accounts for 87
percent of total carbon emission in Nigeria. As terrible the
consequences of deforestation are, Nigeria has one of the
highest rates of forest loss(3.3%) in the world (Butler, 2006)
Accdg. To NACGRAB/FDA(2008),
deforestation in Nigeria is put at
about 3.5% per annum translating to
a loss of 350,000- 400,000 hectares of
forest land per annum.

22. SOURCES
Source: www.biocoal/resources

23. Negative effects of
deforestation to
the environment

24. Effects of Climate Change in Indonesia
Economy & Poor
population
Human health
environment

25. Climate Change change brings about the loss of arable lands due to the advancing of sea level
and the poor people lack the ability and the mean to find other land in order to continue
production.

26. HUMAN HEALTH
The more frequent prolonged heat waves,
extreme weather, floods, and droughts will
lead to increased injury, sickness and
mortality (Case, Ardiansyah and Spector,
2007, p. 9)

27. ENVIRONMENT & BIODIVERSITY
 The warming of sea surface temperatures can
lead to extensive destruction of coral reefs ex.
Population of marine turtles (Case, Ardiansyah
& Spector, 2007)
 the cutting of trees have drastic effects of the
orangutans in terms of their source of food,
habitat.
 A longer dry season will reduce the amount of
fruit and thus limit female reproduction, as they
cannot conceive orangutan babies during a time
with limited resources.

28. Effects of Climate Change in Nigeria
Increase in ambient
temperature, wind and water
erosion causing health hazard
and siltation of water body; rise
in sea level, coral reef
destruction, loss of biodiversity,
flooding (e,g Haiti), drought,
famine, starvation and death

29. Effects of Climate Change in Pakistan
Increasing risk of landslides, slope
destabilization, floods, increase
surface runoff and soil erosion.
In 2010, Pakistan experienced the worst
flood of its history.

30. Pakistan July to
August, 2010
worst flood
history

31. Effects of Climate Change in India
Increasing risk of landslides, slope
destabilization, floods, increase
surface runoff and soil erosion.

33. INTERNATIONAL COLLABORATION AND
EFFORTS
•Aim to stabilize the concentration of
GHGS in the atmosphere.
•2 fundamental response: mitigation &
adaptation
Rio
Declaration
1992
•Conservation of biodiversity,
sustainable use of its components, and
the fair and equitable sharing of
benefits arising from the use of genetic
resources
Convention
on
Biological
Diversity

34. 3 Kyoto
Mecha
nisms
Joint Implementation(JI): Under this article 6
provides: to implement projects that reduce
emissions, or remove carbon from the atmosphere
in return for emission reduction units (ERUs)
Clean Development Mechanism(CDM):
Defined in Article 12 provides for Annex I Parties
to implement projects that reduce emissions in
non- Annex I parties (developing countries) or
absorb carbon through afforestation or
reforestation
Emissions Trading (ET): As set out in Article 17,
provides for Annex I Parties to acquire certified
emission reduction units from other Annex I
Parties.

36. “ START BY DOING
WHAT’S NECESSARY;
THEN DO WHAT’S
POSSIBLE; AND
SUDDENLY YOU ARE
DOING THE
IMPOSSIBLE.” St. Francis
of Assisi