This document provides information about different types of science and how they relate to each other. It discusses natural science, physical science, biological science, and social science. It then focuses on comparing and contrasting sociology with other social sciences like economics, political science, history, anthropology, and social psychology. The key differences discussed are the scope, subject matter, approach, methods, and relative maturity of each field.
2. Science refer to the logical, systematic methods
by which knowledge is obtained and to be the actual body of
knowledge produced by these methods.
Science is a social institution and a way to produce
knowledge.
A Science is a body of organized verified
knowledge which has been secured through scientific
investigation.
3. • Science is the no-ethical
•The Scientist has no techniques
•Knowledge attained by him is instrumental
•Science is the knowledge and method of investigation
•Object world is quite different from the Subject world.
•Based on unbiased investigation
•Its Self critical
5. I. Classification of Phenomena
Interaction,
Social norms,
Groups
II. Interrelationship of Categories
Institutions are interrelation of norms.
III. Explanation of the Object world
Principles
Laws
Theories
Facts
IV. Prediction
Space
Time
7. Sociology and other social Science
Differences
Sociology Economics
1. Sociology studies all kinds of
social relationships.
2. Sociology is a general social
science.
3. The Scope of sociology seems
to be wider. it has a
comprehensive view point.
4. Sociology is a science of recent
emergence.
5. Sociology is abstract in nature
and less precise also. Social
variables are very difficult to
measure and to quantity.
1. But economic deals with only
those relationships which are
economic in character.
2. Economic is a special social
science.
3. The scope of economics is
narrower. It does not have a
comprehensive viewpoint.
4. Economics has attained an
advanced degree of maturity.
5. Economics is a concrete in
nature . It is more precise.
Economics variables can be
measured and quantified more
easily and accurately.
8. Sociology and other social Science
Differences
Sociology Political Science
1. Sociology is a science of society.
2. Sociology studies all kinds of
societies, organized as well as
unorganized.
3. Sociology has a wider scope.
4. Sociology studies man as
fundamentally a social animal.
5. Sociology is a general social science.
hence it studies all kinds or forms of
social relations in a general way.
6. The approach of sociology is
sociological. It follows its own
methods in addition to the scientific
method, in its investigations.
7. Finally, Sociology is quite young. It is
not even two centuries old.
1. Political Science is a science of state and
government.
2. Political science studies only the politically
organized societies.
3. Political science has a narrower field.
4. Political science studies man as apolitical
animal.
5. Political Science is a special social science,
because it concentrates only on the human
relationships which are political in
character.
6. The approach of political science is political
is has its own methods of study like the
historical method, philosophical method,
comparative method, statistical method,
etc.
7. Political science is an older science
comparatively. It has centuries of history of
its own right from days of plato or cicero.
9. Sociology and other social Science
Differences
Sociology History
1. Sociology is interested in the study of the
present social phenomena with all there
complexity.
2. Sociology is relatively a young social science, it
has a very short history of its own, it is not even
two centuries old.
3. Sociology is an analytical science.
4. Sociology is abstract in nature. It studies mostly
regular, and the universal. For example, the
sociologist does not study all the wars or battles
waged by the mankind. but interested in war
itself as a social phenomenon, as one kind of
conflict between two groups
5. Sociology is a generalizing science. Sociology
seeks to establish generalizations after a careful
study of the social phenomena.
6. Sociology follows the sociological approach. It
studies human events from the sociological
point of social relationships involved.
1. History deals with the past events of
man. It is silent regarding the present.
2. History is an age-old social science. It has
a long story of 2000 years or even more.
3. History is a descriptive science.
4. History is a concrete, the historian is
interested in the unique, the particular
and the individual. For example, the
historian studies all the war s, the indo-
Pak war, etc. for him, each war is unique
and significant.
5. History is and individualizing science.
History rarely makes generalizations, it
seeks to establish the sequence in which
events occurred.
6. History studies human events in
accordance with the time order. Its
approach is historical.
10. Sociology and other social Science
Differences
Sociology Anthroplogy
1. Sociology studies the modern,
civilized and complex societies.
2. Sociologists more often study parts of
a society and generally specialize in
institutions such as family marriage, or
processes, such as social change, social
mobility.
3. Sociology study small as well as large
societies.
4. Sociology makes use of observation,
interview, social survey
questionnaires. They and other
methods and techniques in its
investigations.
1. Anthropology concerns itself with the
simple, uncivilized or primitive and
non-literate societies.
2. Anthropologist tend to study societies
in all their aspects as whole. They
concentrate their studies in a given
culture their studies in a given culture
area, such as Melanesia or negland.
3. Anthropology usually concentrate on
small societies such as those of
nomads, kutchis, bakarwal etc.
4. Anthropology directly go and live in
the communities they study . They
make use of direct observations and
interviews.
11. Sociology and other social Science
Differences
Sociology Social Psychology
1. Sociology studies Society and social
groups. It has no primary interest in
the individual, not in his personality
nor in his individual behavior.
2. Sociology analyses social processes.
3. Sociology is interested in the social
forms and structures within which the
behavior of man takes place.
4. Sociology studies the groups
themselves and the larger social
structures within with both individual
and group processes occur.
5. Sociology studies society from the
sociological view point.
1. Social psychology analyses mental
processes of man.
2. History is an age-old social science. It has
a long story of 2000 years or even more.
3. Psychology studies the individual and
social psychology the individual in his
social groups.
4. Social psychology studies the individual’s
behavior from the viewpoint of
psychological factors involved.
5. Social psychology studies the behavior of
individual in group situation or in
society. Its focus of interest is individual
and not the society as such.
