Pamoja Trust used participatory approaches like Social Tenure Domain Modeling (STDM) and enumerations in the Mashimoni and Kwa Bulo informal settlements in Nairobi and Mombasa counties. This led to several key achievements, including residents receiving certificates of occupancy in Kwa Bulo that boosted security of tenure. In Mashimoni, the STDM data helped advocate for the settlement's inclusion in tenure regularization programs and informed infrastructure projects. Pamoja Trust aims to continue scaling up these approaches to mainstream participatory and pro-poor land tools in Kenya.

1. IMPROVING TENURE SECURITY THROUGH PRO-POOR
PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES:CASE OF MASHIMONI AND KWABULO
SETTLEMENTS
A presentation for the GLTN Country Learning Exchange 2018 by

2. Table of Contents
I. About Pamoja Trust
II. Fact File- Nairobi And Mombasa
III. About The Settlements
IV. Key Challenges
V. Key Interventions
VI. Key Processes
VII. Key Achievements
VIII.Lessons Learnt
IX. Conclusion

3. ABOUT PAMOJA TRUST
Our Vision
An equitable and democratic
society where urban citizens
have adequate space
Our Mission
Pamoja Trust exists to
facilitate and advocate for
processes and approaches
aimed at promoting access to
land, shelter and basic
services for the urban poor.
 Pamoja Trust has years’
experience working with
slum dwellers, networking
and partnering with other
organizations involved in
uplifting living conditions
of slum dwellers.
 It is within this context that
Pamoja Trust and UN-
Habitat have been
collaborating in the
implementation of GLTN
Tools

4. Mombasa
Pop
1.15
million
Mombasa
land area
287.94Km2
There are tensions and dynamics
around land ownership in the country.
NLC Report found that:
“ 64% of land at the coast
is owned by either the State or
influential individuals.
Only 34 per cent is community land
and is hardly adjudicated
Population
of
3,138,369
Land
area of
696.1
Km2
Nairobi
.

5. Kwa Bulo Settlement, Mombasa
County
Kwa Bulo is located in
Kadzandani ward,
Nyali Constituency,
Mombasa County

6. Mashimoni No. 10, Nairobi County

7. Key Challenges
 Tenure Insecurity
 Forceful evictions leading to
deprivation of human rights
and dignity
 State centered (non-
participatory) governance
model
 Court battles over land
ownership
 Poor infrastructure and
services

8. Key Interventions in Kwa Bulo
 The County Government of Mombasa requested
Pamoja Trust to carry out an STDM exercise in
Kwa Bulo
 This was after such a successful project in Mnazi
Moja by Pamoja Trust.
 The process would be geared towards
resettlement of the community.
 The main output would be the certificate of
occupancy
 This would used to identify legitimate
beneficiaries later during resettlement.
 Establishment of community led committee

9. Key Interventions in
Mashimoni
 Constant threats of eviction, forced the Mashimoni
Community to band together and fight for their space.
 In 2011,Pamoja Trust initiated the STDM & Participatory
Enumeration exercise in Mashimoni
 Social and spatial data which was entered into an STDM
database
 The STDM data was used to petition various government
land agencies in search for secure tenure

10. Key Processes
Planning and
consultations
Enumerations and
mapping
Data entry, analysis
and verification.
STDM Database
and outputs
Stakeholders
meetings
Community
discussions
Training of community
enumerators and
mappers
Structure numbering
using unique code-
struc no.
Administering
of
questionnaires
Taking of photo
cards
Mapping using
aerial imagery
Entry of socio-
economic data
Entry of structure
user image into
database
Digitization and
production of maps
Consolidation of data
into STDM database Generation of STDM
outputs

11. Key Achievements in Kwa Bulo
The major highlight of the STDM process in
Kwa Bulo was issuance of certificates of
occupancy to the residents.
 This has boosted the residents’ confidence
in their space and in their government
 Increased women access to land and
property rights
 Increased permanent structures and
increased land value
57%
42%
1%
Certificate Recipients in
Kwa Bulo.
Male
Female
Joint
Ownership
944
residents
received their
certificates of
occupancy

12. THE CERTIFICATE OF
OCCUPANCY

13. Key Achievements in
Mashimoni
 The process created an opportunity for the settlement to be
included as a beneficiary of Tenure regularization under the
KISIP program
 The Settlement Executive Committee is in dialogue with KISIP
and the County Government of Nairobi on how to regularize
tenure in the settlement• Currently, KISIP is providing
infrastructure in form of access
roads, water and sewer lines
in Mashimoni using STDM
informed data.
• Construction of the resource
center- where the community
leadership is in custody of
computers that have the STDM
database
• This STDM data is owned and
managed by a trained community

14. Adaptive Settlement Planning Model
(ASPM).
Key Principles
 Community
adaptation
 Planning adaptation
 Governance
adaptation
GLTN
TOOLS
“…This model seeks to ensure participatory
design and urban governance using both GLTN
Tools and
the Social Planning approach.”
OUTPUTS
Implementation of the Adaptive Cities Project took place in 2 phases:
•1st Phase-6 counties- Mombasa, Eldoret, Nakuru, Garissa, Kisumu
•2nd Phase- 8 counties- Embu, Nyeri, Kakamega, Kitale, Meru, Homabay,
Pamoja Trust has made efforts in upscaling GLTN tools in other
programmers such as ASPM.
ASPM is a collaboration between Pamoja and the Civil Society Urban
Development Platform (CSUDP)

15. Lessons Learned
 The community is at the heart of the STDM
process: a highly participatory tool and process
 STDM is “fit for purpose”, can be customized to
meet various needs such as resettlement, tenure
regularization, planning for service delivery or
enumeration
 Importance of inclusion of authorities in the
STDM process.
 STDM is able to capture the complex tenure situations
in informal settlements
 Capacity building of community persons in using
and managing STDM.
 Constant creation of awareness and sensitization
on STDM

16. Conclusion
 GLTN Tools…STDM has great potential to be a
key land administration tool in Kenya.
 It has received support as a high impact tool from
various institutions that Pamoja Trust has worked
with, i.e., the Ministry, County Government of
Mombasa, KISIP, KENSUP…
 Pamoja Trust aims to continue upscaling STDM in
its work with the ultimate aim of mainstreaming it
into government operations

17. Contact Us At
Wood Avenue, Kilimani
PO Box 10269,00100
Nairobi Kenya
Tel::+ 254 2 3871505
Email: landrite@pamojatrust .org
http://www.pamojatrust.org/
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