3. Housing, Land, and Property Rights of Yazidis Prior to 2014
In total, the inhabitants of 146 villages were
displaced ( = estimated 100,000 people)
4. • Most of Yazidi settlements were
systematically damaged, looted,
or demolished by ISIL fighters.
• Thousands of homes have been
destroyed, burnt, or looted in the
district of Sinjar during the
occupation
Sinjar under ISIL
5. Housing, Land and Property Issues in Sinjar
• Destruction of
properties
• Discriminatory practices
against minorities
• Forced evictions
• Secondary occupations
• Absence or lost of
property documentation
• Overlapping claims
• Transfer of properties
under ISIL
• Land administration
• Informal settlements
6. The approach is based on the continuum of land rights and is
incremental and fit-for-purpose
A) Tenure security
1) Phase 1 - Secure occupancy rights (certificates of occupancy)
2) Phase 2 - Recognition of the Yazidis in Sinjar as a collective
caseload and issuance of land titles in collaboration with the MoJ
and the Council of Ministers
B) Housing stock and land administration
1) Phase 1 - House rehabilitation and mapping of property claims
2) Phase 2 - Support Tapoo rights, land administration, and cadastral
surveys
Approach
The Tools: (phase 1) STDM, KoBo, Satellite images
7. Intervention
A. Community Mobilization and
assessments.
• vulnerability assessment, and preliminary
evaluation of damaged houses
B. Verification of claims
• Alternative documents, validation of
occupancy by communities and local
authorities
C. Mapping of claims
• Plot boundaries are marked on satellite map
and presented to neighbors and local
authorities for their validation.
• The maps are an essential component of
the certificates of occupancy
8. E. STDM
• STDM facilitates the recognition of
informal rights and claims in an area
without an operating official land
administration system and where
tenure is informal.
• It is used in Iraq to link alternative
tenure documents, administrative
and spatial data and it can record
the history of parcels, vectorize
boundaries of plots on satellite maps,
and generate reports and certificates.
D. GeoSpatial Data
• GPS coordinates recording and
mapping
9.
10. F. Delivery of Occupancy Certificate
• The certificates include data on beneficiaries, alternative documents,
photos and map with plot boundaries
• The certificates are signed by beneficiaries, local authorities, the
municipality, two witnesses and UN-Habitat.
• Finally, the certificates and data collected will support the GoI issuing
full titles to people in Sinjar District
11. G. House Rehabilitation
• Technical rehabilitations are conducted through local contractors and
with the direct involvement of returnees as workforce under the
supervision of engineers.
12. Conclusion:
• The approach combining KoBo, STDM, and geospatial data to
support the continuum of land rights has been effective in a
context like Sinjar District.
• Housing rehabilitation also offers a good entry point in
communities and facilitate housing, land, and property
response
• The social tenure approach and STDM are key to success in
Sinjar as no operating official land administration system exist
and tenure is informal
• The certificate of occupancy is a first step toward the full
recognition of land titles
• Further support to the government is required to complete
phase II, namely support to cadastral surveyors, handover of
the database and data on beneficiaries, and technical support
at the communal level to administer land, including on GIS
Mujammat period in the 70s. Forced relocation without compensation and no title given in areas of relocation
The attack in Sinjar started on the 3rd of August 2014
- Following the invasion an estimated 250,000 Yazidis were forced to abandon their homes
Situation Post-ISIL
Presence of multiple security actors, including militias, PKK, ISF in control of the Border.
Competing claims over the administration of the territory, including in relation to the status of disputed territories
High level of displacement
Inter-communal tensions and mistrust within and between groups
High level of destruction of housing units and public services and infrastructure
A legacy of discriminatory land titling practice affecting religious minorities
Absence of land management system and official property documentation, leading to tenure insecurity and risk of eviction
Increasing number of secondary occupations
vulnerability assessment, and preliminary evaluation of damaged houses
Alternative documents, validation of occupancy by communities and local authorities
C. Plot boundaries are marked on satellite map and presented to neighbors and local authorities for their validation.
The maps are an essential component of the certificates of occupancy
Achievement 1: With STDM, KoBo, and satellite imagery and geospatial data, the GoI has the necessary information to start the process of transforming certificates of occupancy into full titles
Achievement 2: 848 certificates of occupancy have been handed over to families in Sinjar District and 464 additional are underway
12 % of the households benefiting from the project are female-headed
Achievement 3
In Sinjar District, 848 houses have been already rehabilitated by UN-Habitat and 464 are currently being rehabilitated = Total 1,312 houses