In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good agreement.

1. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4, 2018, 3123-3127 3123
www.etasr.com Ajetrao & Dhande: Phi Shape UWB Antenna with Band Notch Characteristics
Phi Shape UWB Antenna with
Band Notch Characteristics
K. V. Ajetrao
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering
Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Technology
Pune, Maharashtra, India
kiran_ajetrao@rediffmail.com
A. P. Dhande
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication
Pune Institute of Computer Technology
Pune, Maharashtra, India
apdhande@pict.edu
Abstract—In this paper a novel band notch antenna in UWB
frequency range is designed using split rings. Split rings are
overlapped with designed monopole to give phi shape. The slit
gap gives band-notch operation from 5.1GHz to 6.29GHz and
from 4.94GHz to 5.91GHz for SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
respectively. Simulated and measured results are in good
agreement.
Keywords-monopole; split ring resonator; band-notch; UWB
antenna; VSWR
I. INTRODUCTION
For a wireless communication system, large bandwidth is
an important requirement. Although UWB antenna gives large
bandwidth of 7.7GHz (3.1GHz to 10.6GHz), it faces many
challenges of interference with existing systems in UWB range.
To avoid this interference with existing systems like WLAN,
HIPPERLAN, WiMAX, C-band satellite communication etc.,
band notch antennas are nowadays becoming popular and
necessary for communication. In this paper a novel band notch
antenna is designed by merging a monopole antenna with a
square or circular split ring resonator. This proposed antenna
shape looks like the Greek letter Phi (φ) hence is named as split
Phi shape square ring (SPSSR) antenna and split Phi shape
circular ring (SPSCR) antenna. Both antennas give single band
notch operation in UWB band. Monopole is designed at 3GHz.
The parameters for the SPSSR antenna are designed, optimized
and applied to the SPSCR antenna. It is found that both
antennas give the same response hence the same design can be
extended to any other shape as well. In proposed antennas, by
varying the split gap of rings, band notch frequency can be
tuned to the desired band. The length and width of split ring
resonator gives inductance, and the gap between two rings and
the slit gap of the rings gives the capacitance. The gap between
the rings and the slit gap is optimized to give UWB antenna
with notch band characteristics. At slit gap of 1.1mm the UWB
operation in with band notch at 5.87 and 5.47GHz is achieved
for SPSSR and SPSCR respectively.
Many antennas with band-notch characteristics are reported
in the literature. Band-notch characteristics are achieved by
inserting different slots in the radiating patch [1-3]. In [4, 5]
antennas with etching slots shapes such as H, M, W etc. slots in
the ground plane are reported. A band notch antenna by etching
a narrowband dual resonance fractal binary tree in the radiation
element of the conventional UWB antenna is reported in [6],
but the antenna manufacturing and structure are complex. The
band-notched characteristics are obtained by adding a stepped
impedance resonator (SIR) or a split ring resonator (SRR) on
the feed line or cutting slots in the ground plane [7, 8]. A band-
notch antenna is designed by etching a nested CSRR inside the
ground plane in [9]. Another technique to obtain band-notch
characteristics is by adding the parasitic elements in the form of
printed strips placed in the radiating aperture of the planar
antenna at the top and bottom layer. They are employed to
suppress the radiation at certain frequencies within an ultra-
wide frequency band [10, 11]. By inserting the U-shaped
parasitic element on the bottom plane of the basic planar
monopole antenna [12] or by using a pair of arc shaped
parasitic elements around the patch, an excellent notched
frequency band for rejecting the WLAN band (5-6GHz) can be
obtained [13]. The electromagnetic coupling of the SRR with
the CPW yields the frequency notch [14]. There are many more
techniques used to obtain band-notch operation in UWB range.
The proposed antenna is simple to design and implement. By
changing the slit gap of the antenna the desired band-notch
frequency can be tuned. Additional varactor diode can be
implemented with the antenna as a future scope to give variable
capacitance and the same antenna can be used to tune different
frequency bands. The proposed antenna was carefully
fabricated and measured. The return loss, VSWR, and
impedance are measured to certify the performance. Results
show acceptable discrepancy between simulation and
measurement due to the influence of the SMA connector for
testing and the indoor measurement environment.
II. PHI SHAPE UWB ANTENNA WITH BAND NOTCH
CHARACTERISTICS
Initially a monopole antenna at 3GHz frequency is
designed. The height of monopole antenna will be λ/4. Heights
of monopole antenna and ground plane dimensions are fixed by
optimization. Designed square and circular shape split ring
resonators are overlapped with monopole to form the proposed
phi shape antennas. The proposed SPSSR and SPSCR antennas
for band notch applications in UWB range are shown in Figure

2. 1.
1.1
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The length of
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ves the inducta
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f the outer rin
and inner ring
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ng is 38mm an
gs are separate
1.1mm. Detai
th of rings w
pacing betwee
acitance. The
th and width o
e spacing and
a function o
ance frequency
[15]
alent inductan
split rings.
tenna and SPSCR
antenna equivalen
valent circuit
alent inductan
ause of the sli
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ight half of a
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nd the ring wi
ed by 0.7mm.
iled dimension
with specified
en the two ring
inductance c
of rings where
d slit gap of
of inductance
y for the squar
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diagram show
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Ajetrao & Dha
idth is
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width
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Vol. 8, No. 4, 20
ande: Phi Shap
Considering C
Metal thickne
ween rings is
itten as
for square
C 4a
for circula
,
Equivalent
tangular/circul
m) and thickn
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SPSSR and S
WB range. The
0.0002
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8
The equivale
me as in (7) bu
cular geometry
2
Using (2)-(9)
ncept in [13, 1
d SPSCR ante
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simulate the pr
Parameter
L1
L2
L
M
y1
W
Ring length
T
g1
g2
H
018, 3123-3127
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C1=C2= and
ess of copper
g1 and ε0=8.
e rings is given
g C
ar rings is give
and are
inductance
lar cross sect
ness of ring t
used to calcul
PSCR antenn
e equivalent in
2.303
onstant for wir
;
ent inductance
ut with differe
y and:
;
in (1) gives th
15-18] is used
ennas for ban
d dimensions w
roposed antenn
TABLE I.
SPSSR ant
dimensio
72mm
23mm
19.5mm
3mm
7.9mm
6.5mm
38mm (ringx=
1.1mm
0.7mm
1.1mm
1.6mm
na with Band N
d C3=C4= ,
is p=35µm, r
854187817×1
n by (5) [13, 1
en by (6) [15]
calculated as
Le c
ion of wire w
(mm) is prop
late the equiva
a for band no
nductance Le f
re loop of squa
; 2.
e Le for SPSC
ent (ϒ) consta
; 2.45
he ring resona
d to design the
nd notch app
with some opt
na.
ANTENNA DIMEN
tenna
ons
SP
m
m
m
m
m
=9.5mm) 38m
m
m
m
m
3124
Notch Character
(2) can be w
(3)
ring width is t
0−12
F/m. ca
(4)
6] as
(5)
as
(6)
in [13, 15-17]
calculation
with finite len
posed in [18].
alent inductanc
otch applicatio
for SPSSR ant
(7)
are geometry,
853 (8)
CR antenna i
ant for wire lo
1 (9)
ance. The prop
e proposed SP
plications in U
timization are
NSIONS
PSCR antenna
dimensions
72mm
23mm
19.5mm
3mm
7.9
6.5mm
mm(R1=6.05mm)
1.1mm
0.7mm
1.1mm
1.6mm
ristics
written
t, gap
an be
.
for
ngth l
. The
ce Le
ons in
tenna
is the
op of
posed
PSSR
UWB
used

3. by
by
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TABLE II.
I
The perform
parametric an
measuring t
tennas are fa
ickness, 4.4
ngent. The dim
e optimised a
own in Figure
ectromagnetic
mulated anten
th designs. Th
th antennas as
ne for SPSSR
ing the same
ay be a sligh
mapred to S
atching with e
better way S1
r both designs
Fig. 3. Sim
From Figure
ry close to eac
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ows the simu
PSCR antenna
tterns for the s
Band
UWB
range
F
Ba
Notched
Band
C
No
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SPSSR AND
III. RESULT
mance of the p
nalysis and th
the s-paramet
abricated usin
dielectric con
mensions of bo
as shown in T
e 1. Both ant
solver based
nnas give goo
he input impe
s reflected in T
R antenna and
optimised di
ht mismatch
SPSSR antenn
each other. To
11 verses frequ
in Figure 3.
mulated and measu
s 3 and 4 it is
ch other. Simu
t with each ot
ulated and me
as. Figure 5
specified band
Parameters
Frequency Range
(GHz)
S11 in dB
VSWR
and width in GHz
Impedance
Center frequency
(GHz)
VSWR
Freuency Band
otvh-Band BW in
MHz
Impedance
y & Applied Sci
SPSCR ANTENNA
TS AND DISCUS
proposed anten
he simulated r
ters and VSW
ng an FR4 su
nstant and 0
oth SPSSR an
Table I and t
tenna designs
d on finite ele
od impedence
edance is quit
Table II. Initia
is applied to
imensions, be
in input im
na and result
understand th
uncy simulate
ured S11 SPSSR a
clear that bot
ulated and me
ther for both
easured VSW
shows the s
ds of SPSSR an
SPSSR
antenna
2.75-11.4
Less than -10
Less than
z 8.65
around 50Ω
said range
5.874
6.27
5.1-6.29
n
1190MHz
140 Ω
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SIMULATED RESU
SION
nnas is invest
results are val
WR. The pro
ubstrate of 1
0.02 dielectric
nd SPSCR ant
the antennas a
are simulated
ement method
characteristic
te close to 50
al antenna des
SPSCR anten
cause of this
medence of SP
ts are not e
he antenna res
d curves are p
and SPSCR antenn
th antennas res
asured results
antennas. Fig
WR for SPSSR
simulated rad
nd SPSCR ant
SPSCR
antenna
4 2.63-11.4
0dB
Less than
10dB
2 Less than
8.8
for
e
around 50
for said
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5.47
4.7
4.94-5.9
z 970MHz
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ULTS
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tennas
are as
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cs for
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sign is
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xactly
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na
sonate
show
gure 4
R and
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at 3
is c
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givin
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freq
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freq
R
a
42
n -
n 2
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d
91
z
Vol. 8, No. 4, 20
ande: Phi Shap
3.4GHz and 8.
clear that both
pective band
enna and H-
tern gets dist
diation pattern
high frequenci
th antennas. Fr
d 5.87GHz for
clear that the
wing in opposi
4. Simulated
ng band-notch.
5. SPSSR a
GHz
Figure 7 sho
quency. As th
pacitance decr
quency is in
quency tuning
nnecting varac
timised to 1.1
LAN frequenc
ennas. The ga
quencies. Figu
018, 3123-3127
pe UWB Antenn
GHz respectiv
antennas are b
s. E-plane p
-plane pattern
turbed at hig
is caused by t
ies. Figure 6 s
rom the curren
r SPSSR and S
current is di
ite directions g
d and measured V
and SPSCR ante
ows the effe
he slit gap is
reases and as
ncreased in b
g is possible
ctor diode in b
1mm which
cy band. Figu
ain for both sh
ure 9 shows the
na with Band N
vely. From the
behaving in si
pattern resem
n is omnidire
gh frequencies
the change in c
shows the curr
nt distribution
SPSCR in Figu
istributed only
giving band-no
VSWR for SPSSR
enna radiation p
ect of slit ga
increased the
an effect the
both antennas
by changing
between slit g
gives band n
ure 8 shows
hapes is consta
e fabricated an
3125
Notch Character
e radiation patt
imilar ways in
mbles with d
ectional. Radi
s. This chang
current distrib
rent distributio
pattern at 5.47
ure 6(b) and 6
y in one side
otch operation
R and SPSCR an
pattern at 3.0GH
ap on band n
overall equiv
notch-band c
s. Hence, de
the slit gap o
gap. The slit g
notch operatio
the gain for
ant and equal
ntennas.
ristics
tern it
n their
dipole
iation
ge in
bution
on for
7GHz
(c), it
e and
n.
ntennas
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notch
valent
center
esired
or by
gap is
on in
both
at all

4. Fig
rad
freq
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g. 6. Current
diating patch at
quency 5.87GHz
Fig. 7.
ng, Technology
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distribution for
frequency of 3G
and 5.47GHz for
Effect of slit g
y & Applied Sci
(a)
(b)
(c)
SPSSR and SP
GHz and (b) (c
SPSCR and SPS
gap on notch-band
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PSCR antennas
c)for notch-band
SR respectively.
d frequency.
h V
Ajetrao & Dha
(a) for
center
inte
Ban
wir
SPS
SPS
giv
patt
the
ban
can
des
not
ban
5.9
the
and
The
bot
agr
[1]
[2]
[3]
Vol. 8, No. 4, 20
ande: Phi Shap
Fig. 8
Applications
erference with
nd notch anten
reless commun
SSR antenna i
SCR antenna
ing similar r
tern and gain.
equivalent cap
nd-notch cente
n be connecte
sired frequency
tch at WLAN
nds are from 5
1GHz for SPS
WLAN and
d WiMAX wil
e theoretical d
th antennas. S
reement with e
S. Tu, Y. C. Jia
antenna with B
In Electromagn
K. Chung, J.
Antenna Havin
and Wireless co
M. Naghshvari
Transmission L
3, pp. 283–293,
018, 3123-3127
pe UWB Antenn
8. Gain of SPS
Fig. 9. Fab
IV. CO
of UWB anten
h existing syst
nnas are playi
nications in UW
is designed an
in UWB freq
response in te
. It is observe
apacitance incr
er frequency. A
ed between th
y. Both anten
and WiMAX
.1GHz to 6.28
SCR antenna.
WiMAX sys
ll be avoided
design results
Simulated and
each other.
REFER
ao, Y. Song, Z. Z
Band Notched fun
netics Research Le
Kim, J. Choi,
ng Frequency Ba
omponents Letters
ian-Jahromi ,“Co
Line fed”, Progres
, 2008
na with Band N
SSR and SPSCR
bricated antennas.
ONCLUSIONS
nnas find diffi
tems like WL
ing an import
WB range. In
nd the same d
quency range.
erms of S11,
ed that by incr
reases which in
As future wor
he slit gap in
nnas are capab
X system frequ
8GHz for SPSS
Both notch b
stems. Interfer
by using the p
s are verified
d measured re
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5. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research Vol. 8, No. 4, 2018, 3123-3127 3127
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