It is About the basic Computer Architecture detail. Hope You Enjoy And get information

2. Group Members Name:
FAIZAN AHMED
ANUM

3. WELCOME
In The World Of

4. ROAD MAP:
 Computer Architecture
 Major Components
 Fetch-Execute Cycle
 Cache
 Virtual Memory
 Computer System

5. COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE:
What does “Architecture” mean?
Layouts And interaction of a computer system.
What is a computer system?
Input Process Output
Can a Computer System be more than one computer? Think of an
Example…

6. BUT…..
Computer architecture deals with the functional behavior of a computer
system as viewed by a programmer (like the size of a data type 32 bits to
an integer).
 Computer organization deals with structural relationships that are not
visible to the programmer (like clock frequency or the size of the physical
memory).
There is a concept of level in computer architecture .The basic idea is
that there are many levels at which a computer can be considered ,from
the highest level , where the user is running programs , to the lowest level ,
consisting of transistors and wires.

7. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER:
Central Processing Unit(CPU)
Random Access Memory(RAM)
Hard Drive/Disk

8. CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT(CPU)
Also called the “Chip” or “Processor”.
The brain of the computer.
Major Components:
 Arithmetic Logic Unit(ALU)
 Control Unit(CU)
 Communication bus system.
What’s a Bus?

9. FETCH-EXECUTE CYCLE:
 Fetch instruction from memory.
 Decode instruction in control unit.
 Execute instruction(data may be
fetched from memory).
 Store result if necessary.
 Repeat!

10. REGISTERS:
Temporary storage container used
inside the CPU.
Extremely fast.
Fixed size, usually multiples of 8-
bits.

11. PROGRAM COUNTER (PC)
Used to keep track of memory address of next instruction
to be executed.
Once the instruction is fetched, PC is updated to point to
next instruction.
 PC= PC + d

12. INSTRUCTION REGISTER(IR):
 Once fetched, instructions are stored in IR for
execution.

13. CACHE:
 Slower than registers.
 Faster then RAM.
 Located in front of main RAM.
 Different level of cache
 Size is usually around 1MB.

14. VIRTUAL MEMORY:
What if a program is too big for RAM?
If a program is too big for memory (RAM), then we
start using the hard drive (disk) to store data.

15. HARD DRIVES:

16. COMPUTER SYSTEM: