solids, liquids and gases

KS3 Chemistry 7G Solids, Liquids and Gases

Contents 7G Solids, Liquids and Gases Properties of solids, liquids and gases Summary activities Diffusion Introducing states of matter The particle model

Different substances What different types of materials are there? M ercury A luminium T in E thanol R adium I ron A rgon L ead Aluminium Lead Argon Iron Radium Ethanol Tin Mercury What are the names of the substances described in this table? (The first letters spell out another word for ‘substance’.) Solid used by Roman plumbers Unreactive gas Solid that rusts Radioactive solid Intoxicating liquid Solid used to coat steel cans Solid used in aircraft Liquid metal

Three states of matter solid liquid gas At room temperature most substances exist in one of three physical states.

The particle model The difference between solids, liquids and gases can be explained by the… particle model ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Particles in a solid – animation

Particles in a liquid – animation

Particles in a gas – animation

Properties of solids, liquids and gases

How do smells spread out? Where is the smell coming from and how does it spread out?

What is diffusion? ,[object Object],Diffusion is the movement of particles that allows them to spread out and mix with other particles. For example, the smell of aftershave or perfume diffuses and is detected by people on the other side of the room. Use the particle model to explain these facts about diffusion: ,[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],Diffusion experiment cotton wool soaked in ammonia solution cotton wool soaked in concentrated hydrochloric acid Which gas particles diffuse faster, ammonia or acid, and why? By the time the gases meet, the ammonia particles have travelled further down the tube so they must have diffused at a faster speed. In this experiment, two gases diffuse towards each other in a sealed glass tube. gases meet here

Glossary  diffusion – Particles spreading out and mixing in the gas or liquid state.  gas – The state of matter in which particles move quickly in all directions and rarely touch each other.  liquid – The state of matter in which particles are randomly arranged and touch each other.  matter – The stuff that everything is made of.  particle – The smallest unit of matter.  pressure – The f orce produced when particles move against a surface.  solid – The state of matter in which particles are in a fixed arrangement and touch each other.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Crossword Down: 1. Closely packed particles 6. Particles are close but disorganised 3. Change from gas to liquid 7. Particles widely spread out 4. Change from solid to liquid 8. Change from liquid to gas 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

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