An overview of the society's stratification and conflict of interest, power and fame.

2.  According to Ogburn and Nimkoff- the process
by which individuals and groups are ranked in
a more or less enduring hierarchy of status is
known as stratification.
 Melvin Tumin defines social stratification as an
arrangement of any social group or society into
a hierarchy of positions that are unequal with
regard to power, property, social evaluation
and psychic gratification

3.  According to Lundberg a stratified
society is one marked by inequality
by differences among people that are
evaluated by them as being lower
and higher.

5. CONFLICT APPROACH- According to Karl
Marx in all stratified societies there are two
major social groups: a ruling class and a subject
class. The ruling class derives its power from
its ownership and control of the forces of
production. The ruling class exploits and
oppresses the subject class. As a result there is a
basic conflict of interest between the two
classes.

6. Ruling Class Vs.
Subject Class

7. FUNCTIONALIST APPROACH
Talcott Parsons believe that order,
stability and cooperation in society
are based on value consensus that is
a general agreement by members of
society concerning what is good and
worthwhile.

8. Those who perform successfully in terms of
society's values will be ranked highly
and they will be likely to receive a
variety of rewards and will be accorded
high prestige since they exemplify and
personify common values. According to
Kingsley Davis and Moore stratification
exists in every known human society.

10.  Slavery System-It is an extreme form of
inequality in which some individuals are owned
by others as their property. The slave owner has
full control including using violence over the
slave.L.T Hobhouse defined slave as a man
whom law and custom regard as the property of
another.

11.  Estate System-The estate system is
synonymous with Feudalism. The feudal
estates had three important characteristics .In
the first place they were legally defined; each
estate had a status with legal rights and duties,
privileges and obligations. Secondly the estates
represented a broad division of labor and were
regarded as having definite functions. The
nobility were ordained to defend all, the clergy
to pray for all and the commons to provide
food for all. Thirdly the feudal estates were
political groups.

13.  Caste System-The term caste is derived from
the Spanish word caste meaning breed or
lineage. According to Risely, caste is a
collection of families bearing a common name
claiming a common descent from a mythical
ancestor professing to follow the same
hereditary calling and regarded by those who
are competent to give an opinion as forming a
single homogeneous community. The Sanskrit
word for caste is varna which means colour.
According to this doctrine the Hindu society
was divided into four main varnas - Brahmins,
Kashtriyas, Vaishyas and Shudras.

15.  Class System- The class system is
universal phenomenon denoting a
category or group of persons having a
definite status in society which
permanently determines their relation to
other groups.
Ogburn and Nimkoff a social class is the
aggregate of persons having essentially
the same social status in a given
society. A class is a group of people
defined by their relationship to the
means of production.

17.  The term refers to a process whereby people of
lower castes collectively try to adopt upper
caste practices and beliefs to acquire higher
status.
 For example for Low Caste Indians they gave
up meat eating, drinking liquor and animal
sacrifice to their deities. They imitated
Brahmins in matters of dress, food and rituals.

18. Immanuel Wallenstein proposed one of the
explanations of how global stratification came
about. According to world system theory,
industrialization led to four groups of nations.
 Core nations- the countries that industrialized
first (Britain, France, Holland, and Germany),
which grew rich and powerful.
 Semi periphery- The economies of these
nations, located around the Mediterranean,
stagnated because they grew dependent on
trade with the core nations.

19.  Periphery or fringe nations- developed even
less. These are the eastern European countries,
which sold cash crops to the core nations.
 External area, these nations were left out of the
development of capitalism altogether.
Ex. Africa an Asia

20. 1.) Who define stratified society as the inequality
by differences among people that are evaluated
by being higher or lower?
2&3.) According to Karl Marx what are the two
major social groups in a Stratified Society?
4.) And what approach is stated by Karl Marx?
5.) What is the other term for Caste?
6.) This term refers to the imitation of lower caste
to higher caste to acquire higher status in the
society.

21. 7-10.) What are the four main Varnas?
11-13.) What are the three classes?
14.) The economies of these nations are located
around the Meditterranean.
15-17.) What are the other nations stated in the
World System Theory? (Except for the answer
on no. 14)
18.) Who believe that order and stability and
cooperation in society are based on value
consensus?
19-20.) Give two of four forms of Stratification.