2. NUTRITIENTS :
• Nutrients are substances required by the body to perform its basic functions.
• Most nutrients must be obtained from our diet, since the human body does
not synthesize or produce them.
• Nutrients have one or more of three basic functions: they provide energy,
contribute to body structure, and/or regulate chemical processes in the body.
TYPES OF NUTRIENTS :
1. MACRO - NUTRIENTS
2. MICRO -NUTRIENTS
4. a) CARBOHYDRATES :
Carbohydrates are molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen that
provide energy to the body.
They form the macro part of stored food in the body for later use of energy and
present in 3 forms :
Starch
Sugar
Fibre
Carbohydrates are broadly classified into two forms based on their chemical
structure: simple carbohydrates and complex carbohydrates.
Carbohydrate also important for fat oxidation and can also be converted into
proteins.
5. b) PROTEINS :
Proteins are macromolecules composed of chains of basic subunits called
amino acids.
It is recommended that 15 to 20% of protein in required in a diet.
Protein repairs and maintains the body tissue.
Proteins provide the basic structure to bones, muscles and skin, enzymes and
hormones and play a role in conducting most of the chemical reactions that
take place in the body.
6. c) FATS :
Fat is the vital energy reserve of the body, for insulation and protection of
your organs, and for absorption and transport of fat-soluble vitamins.
About 20-35% of your total daily calories should come from fat, with less
than 10% of total daily calories from saturated fat.
Fats have the higher caloric content and provide larger amount of energy
when burnt.
The recommended amounts of these different macronutrients are usually
referred to as macronutrient split. A good place to start is using the USDA
recommendations:
Carbohydrates: 45-65%
Protein: 10-35%
Fat: 20-35%
8. VITAMINS :
The thirteen vitamins are categorized as either water-soluble or fat-soluble.
The water-soluble vitamins are vitamin C and all the B vitamins, which include
thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folate and
cobalamin.
The fat-soluble vitamins are A, D, E, and K.
Vitamins are required to perform many functions in the body such as in energy
production, making red blood cells, synthesizing bone tissue, and supporting
normal vision, nervous system function, and immune system function.
9. MINERALS :
Minerals are not produced in the body and must be derived from the food we
eat.
Minerals are important for your body to stay healthy. Minerals are also
important for making enzymes and hormones.
Many minerals are critical for enzyme function, while others are used to
maintain fluid balance, build bone tissue, synthesize hormones, transmit
nerve impulses, contract and relax muscles, and protect against harmful free
radicals in the body that can cause health problems such as cancer.
Major minerals are the ones that the body requires in amounts of at least 100
milligrams per day
10. HEALTH
“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.”
DISEASE
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that negatively affects
the structure or function of all or part of an organism, and that is not
due to any immediate external injury.
Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are associated
with specific signs and symptoms. A disease may be caused by external
factors such as pathogens or by internal dysfunctions
11. MALNUTRITION
According to WHO , Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or
imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients.
Malnutrition is a serious condition that happens when your diet does not
contain the right amount of nutrients. It means poor nutrition.
Malnutrition leads to
o Short and long-term health problems.
o Slow recovery from wounds and illness
o High risk of infection.
TYPES
Under nutrition - intake of in-sufficient food (less nutrition)
Over nutrition – over-eating (excess nutrition - obesity)
