A report about the Ecological Concepts of Integrated Pest Management

1. Ecological
Concept of IPM

2. Why study ecology?

3. Ecology
Ecology is a branch of science that
involves the study of living organisms
and their surroundings.
Ecology involves use of scientific
methodology via lab experiments to
understands how the different
organisms grow, populate, how they
interact with other organisms either
as parasites ,predators, how the
organisms die out as well as how they
evolve or adapt to changing climatic
and environmental situations.

4. Species
Groups of actually or potentially interbreeding
natural populations that are reproductively
isolated from other such groups.

5. R and k strategy
In ecology, r/K selection theory relates to the selection of
combinations of traits in an organism that trade off
between quantity and quality of offspring.

6. R and k strategy
R Unstable environment, density
independent
KStable environment, density dependent
interactions
small size of organism large size of organism
energy used to make each individual
is low
energy used to make each individual is high
many offspring are produced few offspring are produced
early maturity
late maturity, often after a prolonged period
of parental care
short life expectancy long life expectancy
each individual reproduces only once
individuals can reproduce more than once in
their lifetime
type III survivorship pattern
in which most of the individuals die
within a short time
but a few live much longer
type I or II survivorship pattern
in which most individuals live to near the
maximum life span

7. R and k strategy
where r is the maximum growth rate of the population (N), K is the carrying
capacity of its local environmental setting, and the notation dN/dt stands
for the derivative of N with respect to t (time). Thus, the equation relates
the rate of change of the population N to the current population size and
expresses the effect of the two parameters.
In the etymology of the Verhulst equation, r comes from rate while K comes
from carrying capacity. In German, the word for capacity is Kapazität
and K stands for the"Kapazitätsgrenze" (capacity limit).

8. Population
A collection of
individuals of one
species that exist in
some define
geographical area.

9. Guild
A group of species
that exploit the
same resources in a
similar manner.

10. Community
A group of
population occurring
in the same
geographical area.

11. The condition of having or being
composed of differing
elements : VARIETY; especially : the
inclusion of different types of people
(as people of different races or
cultures) in a group or organization .

12. Tropic pyramid
Representation of
density ( or
energy/nutrients) at
several tropic levels.

14. Biological magnification
Successive increase in
toxin concentration up
through a food
pyramid.

16. Tropic web
Diagram of
connections between
tropic levels

18. Stability
The ability of an ecosystem
to return the equilibrium
following a perturbation
refers to the tendency of a
system to return to a
position of equilibrium
when disturbed.

19. Succession
Progressive changes
in community
structure through
time.

20. Nutrient cycle
The cycle transition
of nutrients trough
multiple forms

21. Productivity
The amount of
material or energy
formed by a
community in a
specific time period.

22. Did you know what
secondary
metabolize is?