Basic Civil Engineering first year Notes- Chapter 4 Building.pptx
Assignment 1 - Software
1. SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
MARCH 2017 INTAKE
SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING
[CSC 60603]
ASSIGNMENT 1
GROUP MEMBERS:
NO. NAME STUDENT ID
1. NG SIEW QING 0325750
2. NGIENG TIEN YUNG 0320221
3. NGO JIA HAUR 0320144
4. OOI YIN JI 0319962
5. PANG KAI YUN 0319802
6. SAM WEI YIN 0320364
7. SANDRABROOKE GOH 0329884
LECTURER : SR. YEAP SOON KIAT
SUBMISSION DATE : 5TH MAY 2017
4. 1.0 Introduction
This report is a summarised research on various types of software programs that are
accessible in the construction field. It is divided into two parts which Part A will be focus on the
functions and limitation of different BIM QS software programs while the benefits and
constraints of BIM, CAD Measurement and Manual Measurement will be further discuss in Part
B. The best BIM QS software has also been discussed based on the our justifications and data
in the report.
BIM is rapidly becoming a fundamental tool which works best in managing building
information in recent construction market. A project receives information from various sources
such as engineer, architect, M&E engineer, quantity surveyor etc which often makes the
information management more complicated. Therefore, BIM is a reliable process that works to
gather the inputs from different sources to turn the information into a 3D model for a better
visualisation. It is a way to change and improve the traditional data sharing among the parties
which the communication can be greatly enhanced. Application of BIM covers all construction
project stages including pre-construction phase, construction phase and post-construction
phase. It improves the communication between the construction players by facilitating the
design decision in a faster process. Besides, BIM ensures a quicker project completion time as
it helps in organizing the project during its initial planning stage of the construction.
On the other hand, due to it’s significant impact on construction field, major industry
professionals tend to shift towards to the use of BIM. It is said that the industrialisation,
automation and computerisation of BIM would eventually diminish the role of Quantity Surveyor
in the construction industry. In fact, according to RICS report, the ability of BIM to automate
measurement is the key advantage for Quantity Surveyors in terms of improvement in efficiency
and accuracy in cost estimating. Quantity Surveyors still have to analyse the design, consult the
clients, interpret and extract the quantities as well as aligning the measurement according to
SMM2 where all these works could not be done by BIM itself only.
Despite of the benefits that BIM brings to construction sector in Malaysia, its application
remains at infancy stage. BIM is perceived as new in Malaysia and a costly tool to be widely
practiced among the parties. However, it is expected that BIM will be in high priority in future
with the assistance of government’s efforts.
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5. PART A
2.1 Buildsoft
Buildsoft is a software that provide the construction and building industry with standard
estimating software where it offers few different types of products such as global estimating,
offsider estimating, subbies comparison, digitizer boards and so on. The buildsoft product that
will be emphasized in this report is Buildsoft Global Estimating System. This software comprises
of items such as price book, take-off system, screenshots, project analysis, bill of quantities and
four level estimating, takeoff schedules, BETS, system requirements. Buildsoft is a very easy
hands on software that every builder or subcontractor or even design team such as quantity
surveyor to use and also it can be used by people with little or no experience in terms of using
personal computers. In a nutshell, Buildsoft will not dissapoint the user as it offers complete
features that will meet the user's needs.
2.1.1 Function of Software
2.1.1.1 Bill of Quantities
Global Estimating is to produce bills of quantities. Bills of quantities are an important aspect that
required for acknowledging the quantities of materials, rate for each materials and the total sum
for all the material uses in the project. This enable user to do cost estimating, producing cost
data and cost plan. By using global estimating, bills of quantities are able being produce in 4-
level estimating which are job summary, trade breakup, calculation sheet and also rate breakup.
In a more detailed explanation, level one is job summary where user can key in the elements
that will have in the project. This sheet is where the subtotal elements of the estimate cost will
be shown. So in each different element or job, different job can be set under different trade
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6. name. Each of the job can be marked up or some other extra contingency factor be applied
differently and individually according to the element. In another hand, percentage of cost
distribution will also be shown in this level as well as for labour and material summary will be
separated for user easy references.
Level two is trade breakup level where this level will contain the bill of quantity item for each
element which each of the element has its own trade break-up sheet. In this level, user are able
to put in specification that required for the project and user are able to key in the details of each
element as detail as possible to produce bills of quantities. Quantities for each element can be
typed in, calculated in detail or derived from digitizer and rated can be typed in as well or either
being linked to price list or produced in a break up sheets.
Level three is calculation sheet level. In this level, user are allow to put in the dimension of each
elements to calculate the quantity where in the end, the total of the calculation will be returned
to quantity column in Trade breakup level. Deduction for the calculation also can be key in
during this level where this provide a very convenient measurement for the user. Lineal, area
and volume calculation are allowed in this level as it will mostly depend on the description of the
elements.
Level four is rate breakup sheet where user can build up a composite rate that includes
materials, labour, sub-contract, and equipment components for item rate. In rate breakup sheet
level, rates can be key in or linked to the price list and also mathematical formula can be used in
this level.
2.1.1.2 Composite rates
Rates are considered as a very significant element which client and contractor will be focus on
when looking into the bills of quantities. Client would wish to get the best rates from contractor
and contractor will not want to over price the rate in order to get the tender of the project. This
software could help user to clearly state out the price and rates for all the elements neatly and
hence this could give user an easy review of rates for the project. In global estimating system,
the rates can be built up and it can be composite the rate for each item. Nevertheless, it can be
saved in price list or library so that user of this software can refer to the price list saved. Since
the rates are kept in the price list or library, they can be transferred from pricelist into a new job
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7. if there is a new tender. This gives the user an easier and faster way which can help user to cut
off the time consuming period of user preparing bills of quantities.
2.1.1.3 Multi-level mark up function
In every project, preparation of markup price rate is a compulsory step for a quantity surveyor to
do in all of the projects. This is because the rate of the materials or any other stuff might be
different compare to the price when tenderer tendering the project and after contractor starts to
commencing the work in which economics will affect the rates of everything. This could help all
parties to prevent themselve facing financial loss. The markup rate is to revise the job or
element or item total. Usually, the item that will be marked up is profit, overhead and also
wastage. This is considered as easily adjusting the tender sum.
2.1.1.4 Analysis
In Global estimating, analysis of cost, job and quantity can be analysed. For cost analysis, the
software can analysing the overall materials and labours cost in particular job and this can
provide the overall quantities for all types of materials in particular job. In another hand, for job
analysis can be abstracting part of the building quantities item out from a job and it will be
converted into trades bill. This can enable to prepare sub contractor bill of quantities more easy.
Last but not least, quantities analysis are being analysed and being differentiate the item's
quantity into stages or level.
2.1.2 Limitation of Software
2.1.2.1 Permanently deleted
The job file that had been created in buildsoft global estimating system will be permanently
deleted when any amendment are being done on the existing data. In another meaning, there is
no undo button to undo the action. The amendment that had been done cannot be called back
so user have to be careful when doing any amendment work.
2.1.2.2 Virus Attack
Whenever using the internet, virus attack is very common problem that user will face. To own
safe purposes, user should have licensed anti-virus software so that the virus definition can be
update daily. If there is no anti virus software, the virus can attack the computer system and
also all the content in the computer and hence that will cause the loss of data in the software
system and may be can not be recovered by any means.
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8. 2.1.2.3 Unable of reviewing of Building Modeling
Buildsoft Global Estimating system does not offer user to see the project building model neither
in two dimensional view nor three dimensional view. This software is only able to produce a
good and nice bills of quantities, however, user will still need to refer to architectural and
structural drawing in hard copies.
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9. 2.2 Glodon
Glodon is founded in 1998. Cubicost is a new brand of Glodon in international market. Cubicost
BIM suite is comprised of four individual BIM-based software products which are Cubicost
Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS), Cubicost Takeoff for Rebar (TRB), Cubicost
Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME), and Cubicost TBQ. All these four products
together virtually cover all general requirements in construction cost estimation business.
Moreover, BIM model and related data can be easily transferred between four products,
bringing you the most professional, efficient and accurate BIM cost estimation experience.
2.2.1 Function of Software
2.2.1.1 Cubicost Takeoff for Architecture and Structure (TAS)
TAS is embedded with Commonwealth of England calculation rules. It enables the users to
create a 3D model for better visualization effect. Thus, the result can be more accurate. By
using TAS, the users can import directly the electronic drawings such as IFC, DWG and PDF
drawings, thus the 3D model can be built efficiently. Changes or variations can be done quickly
by adjusting the model information and the calculation will be modified accordingly. It is a
quantity calculation software which is simple, helpful and accurate with just one click to
complete all the measurement work. TAS also owns Built-in Localized calculation rules as in
different markets such as SMM2, SMM4, SMM7 and etc. Besides, it is compatible with Autodesk
Revit format. (RVT) and popular 2x3 IFC format. TAS also support import and export of IFC
format.
2.2.1.2 Cubicost Takeoff for Rebar (TRB)
TRB is embedded with groundbreaking 3-dimensional measurement and calculation rules,
including British Standards and Uniform Building By-Law. Built-in calculation setting based on
British Standards and Uniform Building Bye-Law. Interchangeable calculation mode between
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10. Tendering Mode and Prefabrication Mode to 5 address different requirements. TRB allows 3D
model to be imported from TAS to calculate rebar quantities. The deduction calculation can be
done more precise as the elements are linked automatically for deduction as well as anchorage
calculation integrally. Then, it can produce Rebar Schedule for fabrication on site. By using
TRB, the calculation result will be with detail breakdown which helps to provide convenience in
auditing results. Besides, it is also advantageous in variation with synchronization between
models and quantities. Various reporting format is also available.
2.2.1.3 Cubicost Takeoff for Mechanical and Electrical (TME)
TME allows quantity surveyors to do taking-off quickly for CAD and other drawings. For
examples, TME is fast in calculating all equipment in a drawing with one click to auto identify
pipes, wires, cables and ducts, resolving issues such as cumbersome manual measurement,
difficulties in auditing and low efficiency in quantity takeoff for construction, quantity checks for
settlement and the stage of tender. TME is having the built-in customizable calculation rules.
Therefore, the calculation rules of different disciplines are provided and support customization.
Besides, quantity surveyors can perform reverse checking easily to analyze quantity difference
if there is any by discovering entity from the report. Next, TME can provide a summarised
quantity reports which can be fully used in the whole process of tendering. These reports are
classified according to different sectors such as elements, location etc. By mastering TME, a
visualized MEP can be viewed clearly through a 3D model. TAS project can be imported to
enable the team members to have a more detailed and interesting experience of visualisation.
All the effects such as 360 degree viewing allows us to understand the details of the building
better.
2.2.2 Limitations of Software
2.2.2.1 Cost
License of Glodon software is costly thus there are only small number of QS firms afford to
implement Glodon in their companies especially those smaller firms. Hence, those QS firms
would rather use other BIM-based taking off softwares such as CostX and Vico since it is much
more affordable although having less functions as compared to Cubicost.
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11. 2.2.2.2 Newly introduced in the industry
In fact, Glodon is still a relatively new BIM-based product which offers the function of taking off
in the construction market. There are limited countries which practice this software. As for a new
software, it is constantly experiencing software updates and improvement thus it is not a
completely stable product yet. There may be some flaws or constraints that affect the
performance of this product. Moreover, there are not much users who are familiar with the
usage of GLODON as it requires training to ensure the staffs are familiar with the functions to
make good use of the software.
2.2.2.3 Lack of experts
Since, Glodon is considered as one of the new software in the industrial, hence, there are lack
of experts who are working in the field. An additional investment in training and education is
required during software implementation.
2.2.2.4 Incompatibility with partners
Currently, GLODON is not yet commonly practiced by construction professionals in Malaysia as
it is that one of the partners or subcontractors may not be using Glodon. Therefore, they may
not be able to access and take information from the models. Hence, inconvenience would be
caused in terms of communication between the partners.
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12. 2.3 CostX
CostX is one of the BIM software which was published on the year of 2014. It is a software that
enables a quantity surveyor to do taking off from 2D drawings quickly and accurately. Besides,
costX owns a most advanced electronic taker off system that can automatically generate
quantities from 3D models. Through costX, we can prepare estimates, bills of quantities and
tenders in a quicker way.
2.3.1 Function of Software
2.3.1.1 Support 2D taking off
CostX enables quantity surveyor to prepare 2D taking off accurately and quickly because it
supports various types of file including PDF and CAD. Quantity surveyor does not need to open
CAD or PDF while doing taking off. Unlike other software, you will need to take few step before
u can take measurement of a specific area or length. CostX could measure area, length with
only a click. All this could save a lot of time for professions who are involved in construction.
2.3.1.2 Support 3D taking off
CostX also supports a 3D file or BIM file such as Revit, archiCAD, sketchup and other bim file.
Through costX, we can navigate around the mode. For example, we can rotate around the
model via rear, front, side or other perspectives with only using a mouse. In addition, by utilising
costX we can explore the properties of the building easily. Also, they can add user defined
model properties into the schedule to supplement the existing model data. Next, it can extracts
quantities and create a customized estimate by using the function of object based dimension
groups. Lastly, it could also allow us to measure manually in this software.
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13. 2.3.1.3 Workbook
The workbook sides of costX includes live-link, rates, codes, phraseology and constant plus the
standard and custom report writer. Existing rate libraries can be imported from excel and the
data will live- link to estimate. It will auto update the quantity and estimate if there are any
changes.
2.3.1.4 Auto-revisioning
The function of this auto revisioning is to help us to identify amendments and changes of the 2D
and 3D drawings and update the quantity when necessary. Quantity surveyors can compare the
dimension of old and new drawing and display them for adjustment easily. One of the
advantages of this auto-revisioning is the old version of drawings and workbook will be locked
and the users are unable to do any measurement on it.
2.3.1.5 Sub-contractor Comparison
In CostX, there is this function called subcontractor comparison. The quantity surveyor could
compare the subcontractors in terms of their trades. They can generate workbook which allow
subcontractor details to be entered and compared. It eases quantity surveyors as they do not
need to key in the information of subcontractors in each time.
2.3.2 Limitation of Software
2.3.2.1 Cost and license
The initial cost to install this software is high in terms of hardware and license. In addition, there
are few type of license for this software which is standalone, network and portable. Each of this
option carry different price.
2.3.2.2 Rebar detection
CostX could not detect the reinforcement bar in the column. Quantity surveyor need to measure
it separately. This might cause overmeasure of BRC.
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14. 2.4 Vico Software
Vico software established different types of construction software and services which
contributes to the construction industry. The construction software are Vico Takeoff Manager,
Vico Cost Manager, Vico LBS Manager, etc. These software are generally used by contractors
and construction managers to minimize the risk, improve schedules for large scale projects and
manage construction costs. Besides, Vico’s 5D Virtual Construction solutions which launched by
Vico software remain the construction industry’s integrated approach to quantity takeoff, project
scheduling, coordination and cost estimation. Also, the file formats which are related with BIM
such as ArchiCAD, Tekla, Revit and etc are applicable to the new Vico Office products.
2.4.1 Function of Software
2.4.1.1 Vico Takeoff Manager
Vico Takeoff Manager is using a unique geometry analysis algorithm to produce quick and high
accuracy of quantity takeoff by scanning 3D model which created from authorized BIM tools.
The user has to visually verifies the elements in the 3D model included in the quantities. For the
quantity calculations, user has to adjust the changes manually by adding or subtracting the
model elements in the 3D model. Besides, Vico Cost Planner and Schedule Planner modules
can takeoff data by location automatically. Hence, it does not require to export and import data.
As a result, the accuracy for cost planning and schedules are increased.
2.4.1.2 Vico Cost Planner
Vico Cost Planner allows cost calculation, cost estimating, and value engineering module. It can
use the quantities generated from Takeoff Manager to produce a highly accurate amount in
estimation within a short period of time. Besides, Cost Planner provides cost feedback at
different project phases starting from design phase to close out phase. Nevertheless, Cost
Planner also allows the users to keep and store the important and reusable projects data for
further usage.
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15. 2.4.1.3 Vico Constructability Manager
Vico Constructability Manager able to detect constructability issues for the published models.
With Constructability Manager, users can do a comparison on the models in terms of layer by
layer or different types of element. The user can easily make amendment on the model and
rerun the comparisons to produce a new model. Besides, Constructability Manager able to
generate a constructability report that included all constructability issues for any current status
of a project.
2.4.1.4 Vico LBS Manager
Vico LBS Manager help the user to differentiate the location structure which is the combination
of floors or zones in a building. The location structure defined in the LBS Manager able to
maintain a uniform location structure for all project information published to the Vico Office
Project. Besides, LBS Manager can recalculate the quantities and update the result at the end
of the editing process whenever the changes on floors or zones are made without going back
for the BIM application. Therefore, it can produce a best project schedule as the phasing and
zoning of a project are optimized.
2.4.1.5 Vico Schedule Planner
Vico Schedule Planner combines the function of Vico Takeoff Manager, Vico Cost Planner and
Vico LBS Manager which can produce a highly optimized project schedule. Vico Schedule
Planner ensures a smooth project flows by adding the size of crew, productivity rates and
geography specific pricing. With this, users can compress the work schedule without increasing
the risk as they can control task buffers and identify conflicts easily. As a result, the productivity
and predictability are increased to deliver the projects within a short period.
2.4.2 Limitation of Software
2.4.2.1 Inefficient
By using Vico Software software, each time only can operate one model file. Hence, it is
inefficient as it takes a longer time to produce project’s document compared to other BIM
software.
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16. 2.5 Summary
Software
Feature
Buildsoft Glodon CostX Vico
Simplicity Yes Yes Yes No
Taking-off Yes Yes Yes Yes
Application for
Architect and Engineer
No No No No
Able to read different
type of drawing
No Yes Yes Yes
Able to export into
other formats
No Yes No Yes
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17. 2.6 Recommendation
Nowadays, there are various types of BIM QS software available in the industry. Each
and every software would definitely has its own leading features as well as the limitations.
Therefore, the best BIM QS software does not necessarily means to have the most features but
having the most appropriate and functional feature that meet the user’s requirements to
effectively ease their job.
Based on our study and understanding on the 4 BIM QS software that we had chosen,
we would like to recommend Cubicost by Glodon as the best software among these four
softwares. Firstly, Cubicost by Glodon is easy to operate. Most of the things could be done with
just a click. For example, changes and variation could be quickly made with just a click by
adjusting the model information and the calculation will be modified accordingly. This could
definitely gives the user a more accurate result as they do not need to make changes or
variation for each part and so, all those human errors such as careless mistake could be
avoided.
Secondly, Cubicost by Glodon able to provide the user a better visualisation as a 3D
model will be created as they key in all the related information or data accordingly. TME can
auto identify the pipes, wires, cables and ducts. Hence, a visualized MEP can be viewed clearly
through a 3D model. The users will have better understanding on the details of the building
through these unique features such as 360 degree viewing.
Last but not least, the user can save a significant sum of time by using Cubicost by
Glodon due to the special features like on-screen taking off, 3D visualisation and paperless
estimating. Traditional way of doing measurement is totally not needed if using this software.
The quantity surveyor could no longer spend such a long period of time for scaling and taking
off the data from the drawing. As a result, the workload could be ease and the process of
preparing a BQ could be speed up. The time saved could then turns into profit.
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18. PART B
3.0 Briefing/ Preparation Stage
3.1 Building Information Model (BIM)
3.1.1 BIM Benefits
a. Visualization improved by 3D Model - Better visualization enables the contractor to
understand the site planning of the project easily even at the preparation stage. 3D
modeling services also creating a virtual environment, which help to convince the project
team and contractor present their rough idea of design to their client.
b. Improve the communication and the coordination among different parties - As a result of
BIM provide a visualization services as an entry services, therefore BIM acts a platform
that show all the progress of the project at any given moment from different party who
access to the model. It allows the project members to communicate their idea to each
other. Besides, it is able to identify any potential risk of delay or error before hand-in the
project thus avoiding extra expenses incurred.
3.1.2 BIM Constraints
a. High cost for software and training - The cost of the BIM software is very expensive.
Secondly, it also requires staff training because it involves a lot of complication during
implementation.
3.2 CAD Measurement
3.2.1 CAD Benefits
a. Database for manufacturing - Designers will include the data such as material,
dimension and shapes of the components etc in CAD when creating the documentation
for designing purpose. These data can be used for manufacturing as well.
b. Increase value to client - CAD software enables designers to explore and produce
conceptual proposals in a shorter time frame. For instance, designers can produce and
evaluate alternative designs for a proposed housing area to the client. Hence, a higher
level of service has been proposed to the client which differentiate us from potential
competitors.
c. Visualisation - Client is able to look at virtual reality simulations of the layout of the
proposed buildings. It is cheaper to make any amendment at briefing stage rather than
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19. when the building is in construction stage. It ensures a higher quality of the end product
which matches the specification and expectation of the client more.
3.2.2 CAD Constraints
a. High initial cost - High expenses incurred to implement CAD which includes the cost of
software itself, cost of computer hardware, software updates as well as training cost for
the workers.
b. Software Complexity - CAD becomes more versatile and adaptable as it advances.
However, the software itself becomes more complicated which makes it difficult for the
first-time users to practice the software.
3.3 Manual Measurement
3.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits
a. Cost Effective - Manual measurement is very cost effective compared to BIM and CAD
measurement as it does not require to purchase any software which is very costly. It
would only cost mainly on the printing hence it saves a lot of money.
b. No Training Is Required - Every quantity surveyor know how to do manual measurement
while not every quantity surveyor know how to do BIM and CAD measurement because
it requires technical skills to use the software to do measurement. Therefore, extra
training is required for them to master the software.
3.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints
a. Errors - There is a risk of human errors as quantity surveyor is rushing to complete the
cost estimates. They have to use a well-organized systematic method of takeoff to avoid
overmeasure or under measure. Besides, scale of the drawings is not as accurate as
software thus leading to measurement discrepancies.
b. Time consuming - Manual measurement consumes more time than BIM and CAD
measurement because manual measurement is practiced by using measurement tools
such as scale rule and calculator. The quantity surveyor need to measure and scale
everything manually so it takes longer time as manpower has its limits. This will delay
the time of task completion.
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20. 4.0 Design Stage
4.1 Building Information Model (BIM)
4.1.1 BIM Benefits
a. High graphic perspective of 3D modeling that everyone can easily understand - BIM is
created for the purpose of designing building. It creates the drawing that everyone can
understand because this application provide a 360-degree rotation of a 3D model.
Moreover, every view or component for a building in interconnected. For example, if the
users do any adjustment on window in a building. All of the windows’ dimension will be
adjusted and updated automatically.
b. Improve efficiency - Clash detection is the one advantage that would improve the
efficiency during design phase. All the error or clash that will impact the construction
process will be mentioned so the potential issue can be settle before the construction
start.
c. Reduce the material usage - Compared to the traditional method such as CAD
measurement or manual measurement, the use of BIM can reduce the material cost
because BIM has potential to eliminate construction waste sources. We can use the BIM
drawings and calculations to show the reduction of material use through the building
design.
4.1.2 BIM Constraints
a. Require trained or experienced technical staff - BIM is unfamiliar and tedious, so it
requires the technician who owns the skills and knowledge on how a project designed
and documented. However, it is more time consuming due to the training programme for
the staff to learn how to operate it.
4.2 CAD Measurement
4.2.1 CAD Benefits
a. Accurate design - CAD enables the designers to produce very accurate and precise
designs with minimum errors. For example, designers can draw the model at 1:1 scale
which ensures its accuracy of measurement for the advantage of quantity surveyors. On
the contrary, there is high risk of human errors on manual drafting as scale is involved in
the drawings. Dimensions of the model have to be manually verified and established
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21. which human errors tend to occur frequently at this stage. An error-free design enhances
an accurate and correct measurement prepared by quantity surveyors.
b. Cost modelling - Cost modelling can be done by utilising CAD in the initial stage of
design phase. Quantity surveyors are able to identify the specifications in the design and
thus propose to cut down of the cost to the client if necessary. They are able to show the
implications of cost upon the design produced to the client immediately which helps to
improve the communication between quantity surveyors and client. Without CAD, they
might face some difficulties in analysing the result of design and cost since the
production of the drawings is time consuming thus affect the time taken for cost estimate
as well.
4.2.2 CAD Constraints
a. Lack of standardisation in design - There are a few methods of drawing the plans which
are depends on the architect preferences. For example, some architects will use
‘polyline’ to draw in CAD drawings but some may not. Objects drawn by using polyline
makes measurement process easier as quantity surveyors can take the total area
without returning to the manual taking-off to calculate the length and width of the area.
This would diminish the purpose of using CAD in measurement. However, it is difficult to
standardize all architects to use the same method to draw as they would not be aware of
its effect towards quantity surveyors.
b. Loss of work due to not saving - CAD drawings will be lost as a results of not saving
them during the drafting process. CAD users are not able to auto save the projects as it
does not own a backup system.
4.3 Manual Measurement
4.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits
a. Cost Effective - Manual measurement is very cost effective compare to BIM and CAD
measurement as it does not require to purchase any software which is very costly. It
would only cost mainly on the printing hence it safe a lot of money.
b. No Training Is Required - Every quantity surveyor know how to do manual measurement
while not every quantity surveyor know how to do BIM and CAD measurement because
it required trained skill to use the software to do measurement. Therefore, extra training
is required for them to master the software.
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22. c. Client’s satisfaction - Client may find it easier to understand the measurements as they
are more used to the traditional method. The client might also not familiar with BIM and
CAD measurement.
4.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints
a. Errors - There is a risk of human errors as quantity surveyor is rushing to complete the
cost estimates. The quantity surveyor must use a well-organized systematic method of
takeoff to avoid missing or double counting items. Besides that, the scale of the
drawings might not be as accurate compare to software so it might be a little difference.
b. Can’t provide better visualization - Unlike BIM and CAD measurement that can provide
3D model using the software, in manual measurement, the quantity surveyor are using
2D drawing. The quantity surveyor has to take many days to visualize the whole
construction from the 2D drawing. Therefore, manual measurement consume more time
than BIM and CAD measurement.
c. Sharing of information - Since there will only be one original copy of the drawings, if
there is any changes to the drawings, it is difficult to share the updated information to the
other department of the project.
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23. 5.0 Pre-construction Stage
5.1 Building Information Model (BIM)
5.1.1 BIM Benefits
a. Scheduling by 4D BIM - 4D BIM, is used to plan construction related activities on site.
The progress of the activities on site throughout this project can be extracted and
visualised by those who are involved. BIM elements such as columns, floor slabs and
others can be attached to find out its proper start and end time. The capabilities of BIM
to facilitate the mapping of time, cost resources and transportation analysis can improve
logistics performance. Therefore, it allows a better understanding on how the process
will proceed in a particular point of time and help in scheduling the construction progress.
b. Improve safety - BIM technology can easily identify the traffic condition and hazards
around the site that can cause accident before the construction starts. This is to ensure
that the task can be completed safely and efficiently as when the risk or hazards are
identified, the person in charge will bring up solution to overcome before hand.
c. Cost estimating by 5D BIM - 5D BIM, provide all the cost advices and estimates on
various design proposals in real time during construction. 5D BIM will automatically
estimate the material costs of the project even there are changes in between the project,
thus the estimators can manage the budget of construction.
5.1.2 BIM Constraints
a. Defective of 4D BIM - 4D BIM has been proved that it is very effective to the overall
schedule of communication even though the schedule is complex. However, there is a
contrast between the final results of a schedule in 4D-animation after communicating
and while working with the fundamental schedule. For example, it will be hard to analysis
and overview work in progress of the project when there are several thousand activities
in the schedule.
5.2 CAD Measurement
5.2.1 CAD Benefits
a. Enhance communication - Since CAD drawings can be easily sent to quantity surveyors
within minutes through email, so they can react to the necessary changes and make
22
24. amendment in cost estimate as soon as possible. Quantity surveyors receive the
drawings from architect in a short period of time after the design stage is completed.
b. Quick measurement - By utilising CAD software such as CostX, the measurement
process of unique shapes in the drawings takes short time and easier. Quantity
surveyors do not need to divide it into a few regular shapes to get the total area of a
whole irregular shapes with the help of CAD. The total area of the irregular shape of the
proposed building can be get within a minute by just clicking on the boundary of the
shape.
c. Accurate taking-off - Measurement done by quantity surveyors is more precise and
accurate in reality compared to manual measurement. It is due to CAD drawings are
produced in scale 1:1 and it helps to eliminate the risk of human errors in quantities and
scales.
5.2.2 CAD Constraints
a. Unable to produce BQ - CAD software is limited to taking-off only but not production of
Bills of Quantities. Obtaining the quantities do not automatically produced a bill of
quantities which makes the work become tedious. It is because the quantities extracted
need to be exported to another software to produce bills of quantities or the quantity
surveyors have to transfer the quantities into BQ format manually. Mistakes tend to
occur in this process.
5.3 Manual Measurement
5.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits
a. Cost Effective - Manual measurement is very cost effective compare to BIM and CAD
measurement as it does not require to purchase any software which is very costly. It
would only cost mainly on the printing hence it safe a lot of money.
b. No Training Is Required - Every quantity surveyor know how to do manual measurement
while not every quantity surveyor know how to do BIM and CAD measurement because
it required trained skill to use the software to do measurement. Therefore, extra training
is required for them to master the software.
c. Flexibility in workflow - Manual measurement allows quantity surveyors to work in a
workflow that they are comfortable thus making it more fluent within the company. While
BIM and CAD measurement is made in such a way where they need to follow certain
23
25. steps to get things done. Therefore, manual measurement is more suitable to situations
that are unable to gained by the software because of its flexibility as well as changing or
working according to rules and regulation of region.
5.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints
a. Errors - Manual measurement might cause human errors and lower down the accuracy.
The quantity surveyor must use a well-organized systematic method of takeoff to avoid
missing or double counting items. Besides that, the scale of the drawings might not be
as accurate compare to software so it might be a little difference. This might cause
differences in the final cost of the project.
b. Unable to make changes quickly - If there are changes of any dimension or quantity,
recalculation of the work will be required. The quantity surveyor needed more time to
calculate the changes as man power has limits. Work will be very troublesome and
tedious if there is changes in design. The quantity surveyor may need to redo everything.
6.0 Construction Stage
24
26. 6.1 Building Information Model (BIM)
6.1.1 BIM Benefits
a. Save time - During the construction phase, BIM have the ability and convince the
resolution of complex tasks and identify changes or clashes because it is a digital
representation that provides the real-time information in three dimensions. In addition,
everyone that involves in the collaboration can access to the digital document anywhere
and anytime, as the documents are delivered to cloud. It also allows controlling the
schedules and minimizing rework, so the construction could be complete in time.
b. Reduce wastage - Material schedule, the method of construction has been selected and
planned during the design phase and pre-construction phase. Therefore, wastage is
reduced during construction phase.
c. Promotes prefabrication - Construction team provides all information as early as possible
also facilitates on-site prefabrication, ensuring cost savings for higher quality and also
error-free components. Therefore, it can benefits the real-time delivery and mitigates
storage problems.
6.1.2 BIM Constraints
a. Price Fluctuations - Although the BIM model is a very useful tool that can help us to
collect information across the entire construction project. However, we still need to
employ the external manual method due to the price fluctuations as BIM model do not
consider the price fluctuation of the materials in the market.
6.2 CAD Measurement
6.2.1 CAD Benefits
a. Reduce wastage - Greater accuracy of the design can be achieved by using CAD thus
leading to a better design with reduced errors. Better designs help to carry out the
manufacturing process faster as well as reducing the wastage drastically caused by
faulty design.
b. Reduce confusion - Ability of CAD to show design information clearly and persistently to
avoid misinterpretations during construction. The design information can be viewed
clearly through efficient plotting. Also, dimensions of the complex shapes of the layout
can be accurately defined without error.
25
27. c. Detect interferences - CAD users are capable to detect any clashes of the drawings by
keying in the information into the system which manual drafted drawings may be looked
correct.
6.2.1 CAD Constraints
a. Limited to 2D - Since the CAD drawings are in two-dimensional, the measurement done
by quantity surveyors are also based on two-dimensional designs only. Quantities that
require volume which is in three-dimensions could not be measured. Therefore, it may
affect the comprehensiveness of the final quantities.
6.3 Manual Measurement
6.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits
a. Cost Effective - Manual measurement is very cost effective compare to BIM and CAD
measurement as it does not require to purchase any software which is very costly. It
would only cost mainly on the printing hence it safe a lot of money.
b. No Training Is Required - Every quantity surveyor know how to do manual measurement
while not every quantity surveyor know how to do BIM and CAD measurement because
it required trained skill to use the software to do measurement. Therefore, extra training
is required for them to master the software.
c. Safe and secured - Manual measurement reduce the risk of information loss as all the
measurement is in hardcopy. While BIM and CAD measurement have a higher risk in
loss of information because the computer might suddenly spoil and all the information
will be gone or the files might not be saved properly. Furthermore, manual measurement
has no restriction such as power failure. The quantity surveyor will not be affected due to
power down or computer system clashed as it is totally based on paper works.
6.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints
a. Project time extended - Project time will be extended because there are some factors
that affect project duration negatively. Occurring of design errors, reworks and changing
client demands can affect project duration and lack of understanding of the project by
the clients. 2D drawings can lead to variation orders and consequently cause extension
in the duration of project and may increase the project cost.
26
28. b. Reduce accuracy of data - Humans are slower in identifying error compare to software.
When error is identified during the construction stage, this will have incurred cost to
reconstruct the certain part which leads to other additional cost. Reconstructing will also
lead to the change in measurement and BQ and hence more time is needed to
re-estimate the cost plan.
7.0 Post construction stage
7.1 Building Information Model (BIM)
27
29. 7.1.1 BIM Benefits
a. Model data recorded - The construction management can provide an accurate model or
record of the building, and all the information about the components to their client at the
end of the project.
b. Sustainability and facility management - 7D BIM, mainly contributes to facilities
management departments that can utilize BIM technology for coordinated, computable
building information and knowledge management. In addition, BIM technology providing
more precise control systems, and consistently delivering cost effective services for the
occupants of the building.
7.1.2 BIM Constraints
a. Cultural barrier toward a new technology - Once the building construction completed, the
maintenance team who hired by the project management separately do not have the skill
and knowledge to manage the building by using BIM. Thus, this could be a barrier to
implement BIM for facilities management.
7.2 CAD Measurement
7.2.1 CAD Benefits
a. Data Management - CAD software is able to store and manage both graphic data and
non-graphic data effectively. Graphic data refers to drawings of a project while
non-graphic data refer to quantities, cost, specifications etc. These data is crucial to
serve the purpose of cost analysis after the project is completed. Also, the data stored is
used as a reference guide in future so that the repetitive components do not have to be
designed repeatedly. In CAD, these data are grouped orderly which ensures an easy
access for quantity surveyors.
b. Easy to reproduce - After the construction is completed, CAD drawings can be easily
reproduced in a short period of time for future reference or other purpose.
7.2.1 CAD Constraints
28
30. a. Limited information - There is little to no information of some components in CAD files in
terms of softscape of the buildings. Lack of information leads to an inadequate of
visualisation of the designated space usage.
7.3 Manual Measurement
7.3.1 Manual Measurement Benefits
a. Easy to obtain information - All the information is in hardcopy, a person does not need to
master any software in order to locate and extract the specific information needed.
b. Reduce the risk of loss of information - All the information is in hardcopy so it will
reduced the risk of loss of information. The use of software will have a higher risk in loss
of information because if the files are not kept properly, all the information will be gone.
7.3.2 Manual Measurement Constraints
a. Require place to store the drawing - Storage facilities is required to keep all the manual
drawings.
b. Time needed after commissioning - Significant time is needed to collect and validate
data needed to form the manual, as the information often consists of 2D drawings and
PDF documents
c. Limited information - A hardcopy manual does not provide some crucial information for
the Facility Maintenance team that extends beyond the 2D drawings such as
maintenance planning and space planning.
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31. 8.0 Reference
● Ocheja, A. (2017). Computer Aided Design (CAD) System For Quantity Surveyors In
Malaysia. Academia.edu. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from
http://www.academia.edu/2168124/Computer_Aided_Design_CAD_System_For_Quantit
y_Surveyors_In_Malaysia
● Stonecypher, L. (2017). Benefits of using the CAD Software: Advantages of the CAD
Software. Brighthub Engineering. Retrieved 19 April 2017, from
http://www.brighthubengineering.com/cad-autocad-reviews-tips/17593-benefits-of-using-t
he-cad-software/
● James, T. (2017). The Advantages and Disadvantages of CAD.CAM | Synonym.
Classroom.synonym.com. Retrieved 21 April 2017, from
http://classroom.synonym.com/advantages-disadvantages-cadcam-10002481.html
● Advantages of BIM-Based Management Model. Retrieved 9 February 2015 , from
http://www.glodon.com/en/journals_articles.aspx?id=25
● Harris, V. (2016, June 25). The end of manual take-off for Estimators. Retrieved April 21,
2017, from http://www.biminstitute.org.za/end-manual-take-off-estimators/
● Dalcı, A. (2014). An Investigation on Some Benefits of BIM Application (Doctoral
dissertation, Eastern Mediterranean University (EMU)-Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi
(DAÜ)).
● Alder, M. A. (2006). Comparing Time and Accuracy of Building Information Modeling to
On-Screen Takeoff for a Quantity Takeoff of a Conceptual Estimate.
● Bečvarovská, R., & Matějka, P. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CREATING
TRADITIONAL QUANTITY TAKEOFF METHOD AND USING A BIM TOOL.
● Group, T. (2017). 5D BIM Construction Software | Virtual Construction | Vico Software.
Vicosoftware.com. Retrieved 2 May 2017, from http://www.vicosoftware.com.
● Vico Office R3.0 Help User guide. (2017). http://www.vicosoftware.com. Retrieved 2 May
2017, from
http://www.vicosoftware.com/hs-fs/hub/658/file-13189303-pdf/docs/vico_office_release_
3_help_file.pdf
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![SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING
MARCH 2017 INTAKE
SOFTWARE APPLICATION FOR QUANTITY SURVEYING
[CSC 60603]
ASSIGNMENT 1
GROUP MEMBERS:
NO. NAME STUDENT ID
1. NG SIEW QING 0325750
2. NGIENG TIEN YUNG 0320221
3. NGO JIA HAUR 0320144
4. OOI YIN JI 0319962
5. PANG KAI YUN 0319802
6. SAM WEI YIN 0320364
7. SANDRABROOKE GOH 0329884
LECTURER : SR. YEAP SOON KIAT
SUBMISSION DATE : 5TH MAY 2017](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/softwareapplicationreport-170701135344/85/Assignment-1-Software-1-320.jpg)
