factories act, safety health and welfare

1. The Factories Act. 1948
Kunal Upadhyay

2. Syllabus for Factories act.1948
 The Factories Act, 1948 – Health (Sec 11 to 20)
 The Factories Act, 1948 – Safety (Sec 21 to 41)
 The Factories Act, 1948 – Welfare (Sec 42 to 50)

3. Introduction
 In 1851 and 1855 modern factory system was
founded in India
 Govt. founded women and children were employed,
there were excessive and long hours of work with
little recreation
 The FACTORY COMMISSION was appointed in
1890 by the Government of INDIA
 In the year 1948, THE FACTORIES ACT was revised
and its scope extended to include Welfare, Health,
Cleanliness, Overtime payments and similar
measures.

4. Objective of the Act
 To protect human beings from being subject to
unduly long hours of bodily strain or manual labour
 To provide that employees should work in healthy
and clean conditions as well as safety for the
prevention of accidents

5. The Factories Act, 1948 – Health
 Cleanliness – Sec 11
 Provides for general cleanliness of the factory.
 Dust, fumes should be removed daily.
 Floor, stair-cases and passages should be cleaned
regularly by sweeping and other effective means
 Washing of interior walls and roofs should take place at
least once in 14 months
 Painted with washable water paint, be repainted every 3
years and where oil paint is used at least once in 5 year
 All doors and window frames and other wooden or
metallic framework and shutter should be kept painted or
varnished (least once in 5 year)

6. Cont…
 Disposal of Waste and Effluents – Sec 12
 It mandatory on the owner of every factory to make
effective arrangement for the treatment of wastes and
effluents.
 Ventilation and Temperature – Sec 13
 Provision securing and maintaining in every workroom
adequate ventilation for the circulation of fresh air and to
maintain such temperature for worker comfort and
prevent injury to health

7. Cont…
 Dust and fume - Sec 14 (I)
 To keep the workplace free from dust and fumes
 Factory employed worker for removing dust and fumes
from the workplace and keep workplace clean
 Artificial Humidification- Sec 15 (I)
 State Government make rules for maintaining humidity of
the air
 (a) Prescribing standard of humidification
 (b) regulating the methods used for artificially increasing
the humidity of the air

8. Cont…
 (c) directing prescribed test for determining the humidity
or the air and carried the records
 (d) prescribing methods to be adopted for securing
adequate ventilation and cooling or the air in the
workroom
 Overcrowding
 Prescribed that no of any factory shall be overcrowded to
the extent level
 Each worker should provided with a minimum space of
9.9 cube meters as per commencement of the act.1948

9. Cont…
 Lighting- Sec 17 (I)
 Provides that in every part of the factory, where worker
are working or passing, shall be provide and maintained
sufficient and suitable lighting, natural, artificial or both
 Drinking Water- Sec 18
 The provision relating to arrangement for drinking water in
factories
 Sub section (1) provides, effective arrangement shall be
made to provide and maintain suitable point conveniently
for all workers employed there in

10. Cont…
 Conservancy Arrangement- Sec 19
 Provides that there shall be provided and maintained.
Separate arrangement for toilets for male and female
workers at convenient place
 These should be adequately lighted, ventilated and
maintained in a clean sanitary condition
 Spittoons-Sec 20
 Provides a sufficient number of spittoons in convenient
place. They shall be maintained in a clean and hygienic
condition

11. The Factories Act, 1948 – Safety
 Fencing of Machinery-Sec 21
 Require every factory must be securely fenced by sage
guard
 Every moving part of a prime mover and fly wheel
connected to prime mover, whether the prime mover and
fly-wheel is in the engine house or not
 The headrace and tailrace of every water-wheel and
water turbine
 Any part of stock-bar which projects beyond the head
stock of a lath
 Every part of electric generator, a motor
 Every part of transmission machinery
 Every dangerous par of any machinery

12.  Work on or near Machinery in Motion-Sec 22
 The factory it is essential to examine any part of the
machinery while it is in motion or as result of such
examination
 Lubrication or other adjusting the operation
 Any mounting or shipping belts or lubrication or other
adjusting operation
 Such workers shall not handle a belt at moving pulley
unless
 i) the belt is not more than fifteen centimeters in width
 ii) the pulley is normally for the purpose of drive and not
merely a flywheel or balance wheel

13.  iii) the belt joint is either laced or flush with belt
 iv) the joint and pulley rim, are in good repair
 v) there is reasonable clearance between the pulley and
any fixed plant or structure
 vii) any ladder in use for carrying out any examination to
operation aforesaid is securely fixed or lashed or is firmly
held by a second person
 Without unfairness to any other provision of the act
relating to fencing of fencing of machinery, every set
screw, bolt and key on any revolving shaft, spindle ,wheel

14.  Sec-23 young person on dangerous machine
prohibits the employee unless he has full instructed
as to dangers arising from machine ah precaution to
be observed
 Has received sufficient training in work of machine
 Is under adequate supervision by person who has
throughout experience and knowledge of machine
 Striking gear and devices for cutting off power-
Sec24
 Move the driving belt to and from fast and loose
pulleys in transmission machine and prevent the belt
from creeping back onto fast pulley

15.  Self-acting Machine- Sec 25
 Provides further safeguard to the worker injured by
self-acting machine cross within a distance of forty
five centimeters from any fixed structure which is not
part of machine
 Casing of New Machinery-Sec 26
 Provides that in all machinery driven by power, after
the commencement of the factories Act, 1948
 2) all spur, worm and other friction gearing not
requiring frequent adjustment while in motion shall be
completely encased

16.  Whoever sell or hire or, as agent of the seller or hire,
cares or procures to be sold for use in factory machinery
driven power which does not meet the terms with the
provision
 Shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which
may extend to three months or with fine which may
extend to Rs.500
 Prohibition of Employment of and Children near
cotton Openers – Sec.27
 Prohibits The employment of women and children in any
part of factory for pressing cotton where cotton opener is
at work
 Factory should provide separated room for pressing
cotton and feed up cotton, in an particular case, in special
case inspector must specify in writing women and

17.  Hoists and Lift- Sec. 28
 Requires the hoists and lifts must be of
good mechanical construction with
sufficient strength
 They should not only proper maintained
but also systematically examined at least
twice in year
 Revolving Machinery- Sec. 30
 Provides a notice indicating the maximum
safe working marginal speed of the
grindstone
 the speed of shaft, or spindle must be
permanently affixed on all room

18.  Pressure Plant- Sec. 31
 Provide the effective measures
should be taken to ensure safe
working pressure of any part of
the plan or machinery used in
manufacturing
 Pits, Sump and Opening in
Floor- Sec-33
 Every fixed vessel, sumps, tanks
opening at ground inv every
factory should covered with
fenced

19.  Precautions against Dangerous fumes and gas-Sec
36
 The act prohibits entry in any chamber, tank, vat ,pit, pipe
or other confined space in any factory in which any gas,
fume, or dust is likely to be present
 (1) no person shall be required or allowed to enter any
confined space, until all possible measure have been
taken to actually remove of gas, fume or dust
 Precaution against Using Portable Electric Light-
Sec.36 A
 The act prohibits any factory to use portable electric light
or any other eclectic appliance of voltage exceeding 24
volts in any chamber, tank, vat, pipe, flue or other
confined space of factory

20.  Explosive or Inflammable Materials- Sec. 37
 Effective enclosures of the plant or machinery used in the
process
 Removal or prevention of the accumulation of such dust,
gas
 Exclusion or effective enclosure of all possible sources of
ignitions
 Precaution in case of Fire- Sec.38
 Safe means escape for all persons in the event of fire
 cover necessary tool and facilities for extinguishing fire

21.  Safe of Building and Machinery- Sec.40
 The inspector that any building or part of building part in
such condition that its is dangerous to human life or
safety
 He may give out on the occupier or manager or both the
factory an order in writing specifying the measures which
in his opinion should be adopted and requiring them to be
carried out before specified date
 Maintenance of Building- Sec.40-A
 The inspector may give out on the occupier or manager or
both the factory an order in writing specifying the
measures which in his opinion should be adopted
 A state of disrepair likely to lead to conditions detrimental
to the health and welfare of the workers

22.  Safety Officer-Sec.40 B
 The Act provides for the officers in factories appointment
of safety in factories employing 1,000 or more workers or
where any manufacturing process or operations carried
on
 Provisions Relating to Hazardous Processes
 any process or activity in relation to an industry specified
in the First Schedule where special care is taken
 Material injury to the health or the persons engaged in or
connected therewith
 Result in the pollution of the general environment

23.  Constitution of Site Appraisal Committee
 The state Govt. may, for purpose of advising it to consider
application for grant of permission for the initial location of
a factory involving hazardous process
 The Chief Inspector of the State who shall be its Chairman
 A representative of the Central Board for the prevention and
control of water pollution appointed by the central Govt. under
sec. 3 of the Water Act. 1947
 A representative of the central Board for prevention and control
of air pollution referred to in Sec. 3 of the Air Act. 1981
 A representative of the State Board appointed under sec. 4 of
the Water Act.1981

24.  A representative of the central board for the prevention
and control of air pollution referred to in Sec.5 of the Air
Act.1981
 A representative of the Department of Environment in the
state
 A representative of the Meteorological Department of the
Govt. India
 An expert in the field of occupational Health
 A representative of Town planning Department of the
State. Govt.
 A representative of local authority
 A scientists having specialized knowledge of the
hazardous process

25.  The site appraisal committee shall examine an
application for the establishment of a factory and
make recommendation to the state govt. within a
period of 90 days of the receipt of such application
 Where the site managed and control by the central
Govt. than state govt. shall appoint in the site
appraisal committee a representative nominated by
the central govt. as members of the company
 The state appraisal committee shall have power to
call for any information from the person making an
application for establishment or expansion of the
factory

26.  Compulsory disclosure of information by the
Occupier- Sec.41
 If occupier not disclose all hazardous process regarding
dangers, health hazards and the measures to overcome
them arising from the exposure of the material in
manufacture, transportation, storage and other process
 Provided that the time of registering the factory involving
hazardous process. Fail to intimate such policy to the
chief inspector and the local authority
 Accurate information regarding specification and other
characteristics of waste and manner of their disposal
 Occupier with approval of the chief inspector shall draw
up an on site emergency plan and detail disaster control
measures for his factory

27.  Occupier of the factory is under an responsibility to inform
the chief inspector of the nature and details to the process
in such form and in such manner
 Specific Responsibility of the Occupier in Relation to
Hazardous Process- Sec. 41 C
 Occupier of factory maintain accurate and up-to-date
health records or medical records
 Appoint persons who possess qualification and
experience in handling hazardous substances and able to
supervise such handling
 Provide for medical examination to every worker
 Before such worker is assigned to a job, working with
hazardous substance

28.  Power of Central Government to Appoint Inquiry
Committee
 Consists of a chairman and TWO other members and the
terms of reference of the committee determined by
Central Government according to requirement
 The recommendation of the committee shall be advisory
in nature
 Worker’s Participation is safety Management
 Right of Workers to warm about Imminent Danger

29. The Factories Act, 1948 – Welfare (Sec 42 to
50)
 Welfare Issues Washing facilities(Sec 42)
 Facilities for, storing & drying clothes(Sec43)
 Facilities for sitting(Sec 44)
 First aid appliances(Sec 45)
 Canteen( Sec46)
 Rest room, shelters, lunch room( Sec 47)
 Crèches (Sec 48)
 Welfare Officers(Sec 49)
 Working Hours (Sec.51)

30.  Washing and Sitting facilities- Sec. 42
 Adequate and separate washing facilities for male and
female workers
 State Government is also empowered to prescribe in
respect of any factor the standards and suitable facilities
for washing by framing rules
 Facilities for, storing & drying clothes(Sec43)
 There should be facility so that worker can place their
cloth not damaged during the manufacturing process.
There should be facility so that worker can dry their wet
cloth.

31.  Facilities for sitting(Sec 44)
 Suitable arrangements for sitting shall be provided and
maintained for all workers thankful to work in a standing
position
 If the worker can do the work by sitting, there should be sitting
arrangements
 The facilities of First Aid Appliance and Ambulance
Room(Sec 45)
 In every 150 workers ordinary works in the factory, there should
be provide first aid kit kept in charge of a separate responsible
person who hold certificate of first aid recognized by State
Government
 In every factory where more than 500 workers are ordinarily
employed, there should be provided and maintained an
ambulance room of the prescribe size, containing the
prescribed tools and in charge medical and nursing staff

32.  Canteen( Sec46)
 If the number of workers is more than 250, the govt. may
make rules for canteen.
 The govt. may make rules regarding foodstuff,
construction, furniture, equipment of the canteen.
 Rest room, shelters, lunch room( Sec 47)
 When 150 workers are working, there should be rest
rooms, lunch room, etc.
 Such places should be having drinking water facilities
 Crèches (Sec 48)
 If the number of women workers is more than 30, there
should be the crèches.
 It should be sufficiently lighted, ventilated & to be under
the charge of trained women

33.  Welfare Officers(Sec 49)
 If the number of workers is 500 or more, there should be
a welfare officer to look after the welfare of the workers.
 Working Hours (Sec.51)
 No adult worker shall be required or allowed to work in
factory more than 48 hours in a week, as regards daily
working hours