réponse mondiale à la résistance antimicrobienne : OMS, CDC, OIE

1. Global response to antimicrobial
resistance: WHO, OIE, CDC
Presented by: Veronica ALETUM, Idrissa ABAME, Jan R. NKECK
Msc Students in Molecular Biosciences
Supervised by: Dr Innocent Ali (PhD)
7th April 2017

2. Objectives
1. Understand the global problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
2. Know the various strategies use to fight AMR at the level of the
WHO, OIE and CDC
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3. Plan
Introduction
• Updates from WHO
• Updates from OIE
• Updates from CDC
• Take home message
References
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4. Antimicrobial resistance
• Ability of a microorganism to stop an antimicrobial from working
against it (WHO)
• Reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobials, leading to increased
morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure
• Countries with weak and poorly resourced health systems: greatest
problems in managing drug resistance
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5. AMR is rising
• Resistance rates for many isolates are rising
• WHO 2014 report focused on 7 bacteria (E. coli; MRKP, MRSA, RSP…)
• An urgent global concern
• Major threat to public health
• Economic problem
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6. AMR: global response
• Otto Cars: “There has been a lot of denial about the gravity of the
situation. Now it is time to act”
• National: US, UK, France, Germany, Chinese etc.
• Countries: Europe, America
• World and organizations: G20, WHO, UN, CDC, FAO, OIE
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7. WHO engagement
May 2015: World Health Assembly of the WHO endorsed the AMR
Global Action Plan composed of five strategic objectives
1. Improve awareness and understanding of antimicrobial resistance:
effective communication, education and training.
2. Strengthen the knowledge and evidence base: surveillance and
research.
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8. WHO engagement
• 3. Reduce the incidence of infection: effective sanitation, hygiene and
infection prevention measures (vaccination*).
• 4. Optimize the use of antimicrobial medicines in human and animal
health.
• 5. Develop the economic case for sustainable investment that takes
account of the needs of all countries, and increase investment in new
medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions.
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9. WHO recommandations
• Members States should develop their own national action plans
• Global development and stewardship framework to support the
development, control, distribution and appropriate use of new
antimicrobial medicines, diagnostic tools, vaccines and other interventions
• Increasing political awareness, engagement and leadership on
antimicrobial resistance
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10. World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)
• WHO, OIE and FAO: A Tripartite Partnership
• The rise of AMR observed recently is a shared responsibility between
human, animal and plant sectors, which therefore requires a multi-
sectoral, global and coordinated answer
• Strategies (2015): 4 points
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15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) strategies
• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is the leading national
public health institute of the United States.
• GOAL: To protect public health and safety through the control and
prevention of disease, injury and disability in the US and internationally.
• In 2016, the CDC met to outline 5 objectives which will permit them
address the AMR problem globally.
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16. Centre for Diseases Control and prevention
strategies
• Awareness and education: raising public awareness about this threat
is an important first step
• Surveillance: countries need systems to track AMR and share
findings with international partners
• Infection, prevention and control: infection control and hygiene are
critical to stopping spread of resistant germs in healthcare setting
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17. CDC strategies
• Optimise use: ensuring that antibiotics are still effective in the future
requires that they be used cerectly today; overuse and misuse of Abs
and AMs is still a major problem worldwide.
• Research, development and investment: R&D of new drugs,
diagnostic tools and vaccines are global priority
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18. Take home message
• AMR
Global problem
Global concern
Global response
Coordinate response
Low-income countries: more vulnerable
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19. References
• WHO; Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance. 2016
• United Nations meeting on antimicrobial resistance; Bull World Health
Organ 2016;94:638–639
• Richard D. Smith, Joanna Coast; Antimicrobial resistance: a global
response; Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2002;80:126-133
• Eric Utta, Charles Wellsb; The global response to the threat of antimicrobial
resistance and the important role of vaccines. Pharmaceuticals Policy and
Law 18 (2016) 179–197 179
• The OIE Strategy on Antimicrobial Resistance and the Prudent Use of
Antimicrobials; November 2016
• CDC. National Strategy to Combat Antibiotic Resistance, 2016
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20. Thank you