Urban Power USA

1. Next
Genera*on
Ver*cal
Axis
“Drag”
Style
Wind
Turbines
Getting
it
Right!
Proper
Siting
of
Wind
Turbines
&
Selection
of
the
Right
Wind
Turbine
Technology
Presenta(on
by:
Daniel
Cook,
Vice
President
Urban
Power
USA
3rd MA Sustainability Communities Conference
2nd MA Sustainability Campuses Conference

2. Massachuse>s
Renewable
Energy
Goals
198
48

3. Massachuse>s
Wind
Energy
Profile
Next Generation
Vertical Axis Drag Style
Wind Energy Opportunities

4. Small
Wind
Systems
 Small-­‐scale
wind
power
systems
have
the
capacity
to
produce
up
to
100
kW
of
electrical
power
DarrieusVAWT
Next Generation
Drag StyleVAWT

5. Tradi(onal
“LiI”
Style
Horizontal
Axis
Wind
Turbines
 High
Efficiency
 Require
Laminar
Flow
(smooth)
Wind
 Work
well
in
wind
speeds
between
18-­‐35
mph
 Generates
torque
from
high
rotor
speeds
 Generator
located
on
turbine
 Lots
of
moving
parts
 Require
taller
tower
to
eliminate
turbulent
air
 Feather
or
shut
down
when
winds
above
35
mph

6. Tradi(onal
“LiI”
Style
Ver(cal
Axis
Wind
Turbines
 High
Efficiency
 Require
Laminar
Flow
(smooth)
Wind
 Work
well
in
wind
speeds
between
18–35
mph
 Generator
repairs
require
turbine
disassembly
 Generates
torque
from
high
rotor
speed
 Shut
down
when
wind
speed
greater
than
35
mph
 Require
taller
tower
to
eliminate
turbulent
air
 Generally
Don’t
operate
at
low
wind
speeds

7. “LiI”
Style
Wind
Turbine
 Wind turbine blade requires smooth laminar flow
wind to create lift for the turbine to spin effectively
and fast.
 Lift type wind turbines don’t become efficient until
the wind is approximately 18 mph

8. Savonius
Ver(cal
Axis
Drag
Style
Wind
Turbine
 Because of the curvature, the scoops experience less drag
when moving against the wind than when moving with the
wind. The differential drag causes the Savonius turbine to
spin.
 There is resistance on the back side of the scoop resulting
in lower efficiencies than traditional wind turbines.
Resistance
Impulse Force

9. Next
Genera*on
Ver(cal
Axis
“Drag”
Style
Wind
Turbines
 Significant increase in electrical production
 Massachusetts Manufacturer
 Work in turbulent wind and laminar flow wind
 Work on Flat roof tops
 Requires ≥30% larger sweep area

10. Next
Genera*on
Ver(cal
Axis
“Drag”
Style
Wind
Turbines
 Use
wind
loading
like
a
sail
to
create
force
 Produces
torque
by
spinning
a
large
mass
slowly
 Produce
more
electricity
at
lower
wind
speeds
6-­‐18
mph,
less
at
18-­‐35
mph
and
more
at
high
wind
speeds
>
35
mph
 Work
in
turbulent
wind
 Don’t
require
tall
towers
 Can
be
Roof
Mounted
 Few
moving
parts
 Bird
&
bat
friendly

11. Urban
Power
Unique
Patented
Wind
Turbine
Design

12. 5.0
KW
Wind
Turbine
Tower
Installa(on

13. Urban
Power
5.0
KW
Wind
Turbines

14. Urban
Power
5.0
KW
Wind
Turbines

15. 5.0
KW
Wind
Turbine

16. Capacity
Factor
The
ra*o
of
an
energy
produc*on
system’s
actual
output
over
*me
to
it
poten*al
output
Solar PV:
13% - 15%
Wind:
20% - 40%
Note: Wind produces approximately 2X more
electricity than Solar PV per KW when
properly sited and equipment properly selected

17. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Site
Tes(ng
Wind
Speed
&
Air
Flow
 Anemometer Testing
 Laminar Flow (smooth) Wind
 Turbulent Wind (caused by buildings, trees and
other nearby obstructions)

18. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Site
Selec(on
 “lift” style wind turbines should be 2X the height of
obstructions & 20X the distance from obstructions

19. Examples
of
Turbulent
Wind

20. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Product
Selec(on
 Does the wind turbine work in turbulent wind?
(are their buildings trees or other obstructions
nearby?)
 Does wind turbine require smooth laminar flow
wind away from any obstructions?
 Are predominant winds between 18 - 35 mph?
 Are predominant winds below 18 mph and/or
above 35 mph?

21. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Performance
 Important that wind manufacturers and wind
developers apply their wind turbines to the
optimal wind location (wind speed & wind type –
laminar and/or turbulent wind) to ensure optimal
capacity factor/performance so customer
expectations are met.
 Lift type wind turbines should NOT be placed in
turbulent wind locations such as on or near
buildings, near trees and other obstructions that
can cause turbulence.

22. Wind
Energy
Assessments
 Consulting
a
wind
map,
obtaining
previously
measured
data
 Taking
your
own
measurements
with
anemometer
 Hire
consultant
to
test
wind
speed
1
year
of
data,
or
 Use
1-­‐
2
months
anemometer
data
to
do
correlation
study

23. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Monitoring
 Wind turbines should be monitored in real time,
and record daily, weekly, monthly, annual and
historic wind energy production relative to actual
wind speeds.

24. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Tradi(onal
Horizontal
Axis
Wind
Turbine
are
properly
applied
in
Laminar
Flow
Winds
only!!!
Op*mum
performance
between
18
mph
–
42
mph

25. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Poor
Applica(ons
“Lift” Style
Horizontal &
Vertical Axis Wind
Turbines in the
Turbulent Urban
Environment of
Boston
(5 wind turbines with
combined 15.6 KW
capacity = 15,583 kWhs
in 3 years 7 months)
15.6KW - 15,583 kWhs in 43 mos – ave. 362 kWhs /mo

26. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Turbulent
Wind
Properly
Applied
Next Generation
“Drag” Style
Wind Turbines in a
Turbulent Environment
(1.8 KW capacity = 3,433
kWhs in 8 month –
Easthampton, MA wind
speed less than Boston)
18,452 kWh in
3 years 7 months

27. Small
Wind
Turbines:
Summary
Get it Right!
Site the RightWind EnergyTechnology
in the RightWind Location
 Lift Style Horizontal & Vertical Axis Wind Turbines in
Laminar Flow Wind only with speeds between 18 mph – ±42 mph
 Traditional Vertical Axis Drag Style Wind Turbines in
Turbulent and/or Laminar Flow Wind ±8 mph – 42 mph
 Next Generation Vertical Axis Drag Style Wind Turbines
in Turbulent and/or Laminar Flow Wind ±8 mph – ±70 mph

28. Ques(ons

29. Thank
You
Dan
Cook,
Vice
President
www.urbanpowerusa.com
978-­‐266-­‐1900