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1. Database
Duhok Polytechnic University
Bardarash Technical Institute
Computer Network Dep
Lecturers Name: Bshar R Ibrahim
Prepared By:Rozhin B hsen

2. Abstract
• What is a database?
• What are the components of a database?
• Types of databases
• What is a database management system?
• Advantages & Disadvantage

3. What is a database?
A database is information that is set up for easy
access, management and updating. Computer
databases typically store aggregations
of data records or files that contain information,
such as sales transactions, customer data,
financials and product information.

4. What are the components of a database?
Hardware: This is the physical device that database software runs on. Database hardware
includes computers, servers and hard drives.
Software: Database software or application gives users control of the database.
Data: This is the raw information that the database stores. Database administrators organize the
data to make it more meaningful.
Data access language: This is the programming language that controls the database. The
programming language and the DBMS must work together.
Procedures: These rules determine how the database works and how it handles the data.

5. Types of databases
Relational databases: became dominant in the 1980s. Items in a relational database are
organized as a set of tables with columns and rows.
Object-oriented databases: Information in an object-oriented database is represented in the
form of objects, as in object-oriented programming.
Distributed databases: A distributed database consists of two or more files located in different
sites. The database may be stored on multiple computers, located in the same physical location
Data warehouses: A central repository for data, a data warehouse is a type of database
specifically designed for fast query and analysis.
Open source databases: An open source database system is one whose source code is
open source; such databases could be SQL or NoSQL databases.

6. What is a database management system?
A DBMS enables users to create and manage a
database. It also helps users create, read,
update and delete data in a database, and it
assists with logging and auditing functions.

7. Advantages of DBMS
• DBMS offers a variety of techniques to store & retrieve data.
• DBMS serves as an efficient handler to balance the needs of multiple applications
using the same data.
• Uniform administration procedures for data.
• Application programmers never exposed to details of data representation and storage.
• A DBMS uses various powerful functions to store and retrieve data efficiently.

8. Disadvantage of DBMS
• Cost of Hardware and Software of a DBMS is quite high
which increases the budget of your organization.
• Use of the same program at a time by many users
sometimes lead to the loss of some data.
• DBMS can’t perform sophisticated calculations.