5. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 5
Telemetry vs. Triangulation
TELEMETRY: measurement of the “time of flight” (TOF) of a light pulse
TRIANGULATION: measurement of the position of a laser spot onto a focal plane
L = 2c
6. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 6
TELEMETRY
LURE (LUnar Ranging Experiment)
carried out in 1970 when the astronauts of Apollo 11 brought on the moon an array
of corner-cubes (100 x 1” dia.) . Five telescopes on earth aimed the array with their
Qswitched ruby laser, launching a 0.5-J, 10-ns pulse. Three telescopes got the return,
a ≈10-photon pulse. The time-of-flight measurement translated into a distance
measured with an accuracy ≈30cm of the 384000 km baseline.
7. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 7
TELEMETRY
MOLA (Mars-Orbiter -Altimeter)
In 1999, the MOLA of the Pathfinder mission has completed a 2-year survey of the
topography with 5-m height resolution on 100x100-m individual areas covering Mars
8. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 8
TELEMETRY / LIDAR (Laser IDentification And
Ranging)
Car anti-collision radar
9. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 9
TELEMETRY / LIDAR (Laser IDentification And
Ranging)
Self-driving car
Google car
10. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 10
TRIANGULATION
Valve motion measurement for engine R&D
11. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 11
TRIANGULATION
Valve motion measurement for engine R&D
12. G. Giuliani - OEINSTR - Intro 12
INTERFEROMETRY
Interferometric techniques exploit the high temporal and spatial coherence of laser
light, to perform high-accuracy and high-resolution measurements
LASER
experiment
PHOTO-
DETECTOR
REFERENCE
ARM
MEASUREMENT
ARM
frequency
shifter
(optional)
E0
Em
Er
Iph
m r
/2
/2
I
ph
I
r
Light travels along two paths:
Reference path (Er)
Measurement path (E0 Em)
The two beams produce an interference on
the photodetector: the output signal is a
periodic function of the difference between
the two pathlengths
Iph = Em+Er 2
= Em exp im +Er exp ir 2
Iph = Em
2+Er
2+2EmEr Re{exp i(m-rIm +r+2(√ImIrcos(m-r
It is possible to measure the relative phase difference that arises along the measuring
arm