This PowerPoint Presentation includes the following: - The Discipline of Psychology - The Development of Psychology - Important Personalities in Psychology - Fields of Psychology - Key Concepts in Psychology - Research Methods in Psychology - Current Applications of Psychology

1. THE DISCIPLINE
OF PSYCHOLOGY
Module 8

2. The
Discipline
of
Psychology

3. The Discipline of Psychology
Psychology
Comes from the Greek word psyche
which means ‘’soul’’; hence, psychology,
in essence, the study of soul.

4. The Discipline of Psychology
 The definition of Psychology has evolved
through time. Some Psychologists would define
it as ‘’the study of behavior and mental
processes.’’
 Psychology is an interdisciplinary study that
involves disciplines in the social sciences, natural
sciences, and even humanities and philosophy.

5. The Discipline of Psychology
 Psychology seeks to answer why the human
mind works the way it does and how it functions
and operates.
 The application of psychology is not simply
confined within the mental health problems but
encompasses even other areas of human activity.

6. The
Development
of
Psychology

7. The Development of Psychology
In ancient Greece, Plato
developed his theory of
tripartite soul.

8. Plato’s
Theory of Tripartite
Soul
logical, spirited, and the appetitive.

9. The Development of Psychology
Plato’s Theory of Tripartite Soul
Logical part of the soul pertains to a
man’s ability to think and make
rational choices.

10. The Development of Psychology
Plato’s Theory of Tripartite Soul
Spirited or hymoeides part of the soul
refers to man’s temper, anger, courage.
He also calls this part
‘high spirit'

11. The Development of Psychology
Plato’s Theory of Tripartite Soul
Appetitive also known as survival value is part of
the soul is associated with man’s pleasures and desires.
Examples: pleasure, money, comfort, and physical
satisfaction.

13. The Development of Psychology
For Aristotle, man can be
understood by his functions,
which may include to grow, to
feel, to move, and most
importantly, to reason.

14. The Development of Psychology
In ancient China,
Confucius envisioned the
superior man to have the
following virtues:
Humanness, righteousness,
proper rites, knowledge,
and integrity.

15. The Development of Psychology
In ancient India, the core tents of Hinduism
and Buddhism focus on self-awareness
as a method of
enlightenment.

16. Important Personalities
in
Psychology

17. Was an ancient Greek physician.
Hippocrates
 In the field of Psychology, he
formulated the theory of humors
in explaining behavior or personality.
 He believed that the four temperaments are the
foundation of personality; sanguine (cheerful and active),
melancholic (sad), choleric (angry and aggressive), and
phlegmatic (calm and passive).

18. Imam-Razi
 Was an Islamic philosopher.
 Theorized that sentimental
attachment to material object could
be cause of mental illness when the object
is lost or the person is separated from it.

19. Imam-Ghazali
 Was an Islamic philosopher.
 Believed that the self is the
essence of man and that the self is
the core from which personality arises.
He developed the idea that there are six powers of the
self—anger, impulse, intellect, appetite,
and will.

20. Rene Descartes
 Was a French philosopher,
mathematician, and scientist.
Theorized the dualism of the
mind and body.
 For Descartes, the mind and
body interact but the mind can exert extra
more effort into the body.

21. Wang Qingren
 Offered an analysis of psychological
activities as an effect of brain functions.
 Wang Qingren argued that thoughts and feelings
do not come from the heart, but come from the brain
instead.
 Was a Chinese physician.

22. Wilhelm Maximillian Wundt
 A German physician and philosopher, is regarded
as the Father of Experimental Psychology.
 His psychology can be categorize
under structuralism.
 His main inquiry in studying
psychology focused on consciousness or on how
a person experiences the world.

23. William James
 An American philosopher and
psychologist.
 One of his most prominent proposition
was the theory of self in which he divided
the self into ‘’Me’’ and ‘’I’’
 The ‘’Me’’ self pertains to the aspect that comes to an
individual’s experiences while the ‘’I’’ self pertains to what
James calls pure ego.

24. Max Wertheimer
 An Austro-Hungarian psychologist. Known to be
the Father of Gestalt Psychology.
 The Highlight of Gestalt Psychology experiment
is the ability of the brain to perceive a moving
subject when it is not actually moving.
 Hence, in order to understand the psychology of a
person, the psychologist must examine the person as a
whole rather than focusing on his or her part.

25. Sigmund Freud
 Austrian neurologist known as the Father of
Psychoanalysis.
 Freud developed a therapeutic
techniques for mental illness using free
association and transference.
 Freud’s other famous concepts were his proposition on the three
elements of personality--id (unconscious aspect of personality,
ego (realistic aspect), and super ego (moral and idea aspect).

26. Burhuss Frederic Skinner
 An American psychologist and social
philosopher known as one of the Fathers
of Behavioral Psychology.
 Skinner argued that there is no such
thing as free will and that actions are rather
defined by what he called principle of reinforcement.

27. Fields of Psychology

28. Fields of Psychology
• Biological psychology
Studies psychology from a
biological perspective.
It examines how thoughts,
feelings, and behavior
physically affects human
being and animals.

29. Fields of Psychology
• Behavioral psychology or behaviorism
Behaviorism is essentially
a learning theory as it
inquires on the
development aspect of
behavior and analyzes
quantitatively the changes
that occurred over time.

30. Fields of Psychology
• Cognitive psychology
Analyzes how sensory data
are interpreted and are
used by the mind to
produce behavior.

31. Fields of Psychology
• Social psychology
This field studies human behavior as a
result of immediate social
interactions
both physical
and virtual.

32. Fields of Psychology
• Psychoanalyses
The main idea behind psychoanalysis
is the concept of unconscious.

33. Fields of Psychology
• Humanistic psychology
Focuses on how a
person can better
achieve self-
actualization through
the development of
his or her abilities.

34. Key Concepts
in
Psychology

35. Personality
 Personality is defined as the consistent
patterns of an individual’s behavior,
attitude, and thoughts.
o the study of differences in personality characteristics
o The study of the various parts of a person that make
up his or her personality

36. Unconscious Mind
 The unconscious is the hidden or underlying
structure of consciousness when a person’s
repressed emotions, feelings, or traumatic
experience stored.
Repression is a form of self preservation in
as much as it removes unpleasant thoughts
from our conscious mind.

37. Motivation
 Motivation is the reason why a person acts.
 It is the driving force behind actions and
is influenced by the environment, social
factors, personal choices, behavior,
intelligence, and other psychological traits.

38. Development
 It refers to the changes that occur
in a person throughout his or her
life.

39. Research Methods
in
Psychology

40. Research Methods in Psychology
Controlled Experiment
A controlled experiment is a scientific test that is
directly manipulated by a scientist, in order to
test a single variable at a time.
All controlled experiment involves two groups being research
upon-the experimental group and the
control group.

42. Research Methods in Psychology
Quantitative and Qualitative Psychological Research
Quantitative psychological research uses mathem
atical formulas, and statistics to establish conclus
ions based on psychological patterns.
On the other hand, qualitative
psychological research is a method that
aims to derived at conclusions though a
naturalistic approach.

45. Research Methods in Psychology
Computer Stimulation
Computer stimulation uses computer
models to determine cognitive functions
and performance, emotion, human
attributes, and language.

47. Research Methods in Psychology
Animal Studies
This method in psychological
research focuses on animal behavior
and cognition.
These test allow for the generation
of parallel theories that could be
tested on human subject.

49. Current Applications
of
Psychology

50. Psychological testing
 Aside from written tests, psychological testing
also comes in the form of interviews.
 The overall aim of the psychological testing is to get a
comprehensive assessment of the person’s mental health and
provide a deeper understanding of the person’s problems.
 Psychological test are commonly given as a
requirement for job applications or school/university
entrance examinations.

52. Mental health care
 Mental health care is provided to individuals with
personality disorders, mental disorders, or emotional
problems that are severe enough to affect the way
they function in life and in society.
 Mental health care are provided by clinical
psychologists and psychiatrist so that the individual
could properly function in society by means of
therapy.

54. Health, well-being, and social change
 Psychologist can educate patients by providing
instructions on how to cope up with illnesses or
how to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
 Psychologists are also able to provide new knowledge
on various social issues by researching, for example, the
effects of terrorism on the mental health and consciousness
of the people or the effects of bullying in school to children.

56. Thank you!

57. Psychology Group:
Jenica Reine Baltazar
Samantha Jade Gamboa
April Mae Soliman
Seandale Tiglao