2. LEARNING OUTCOME
1. Define logic gate
2. Explain the operation of logic gate
3. Draw the logic symbol for the following logic gate: NOT, AND,
OR, NAND, EX-OR, EX-NOR
4. Develop truth table
3. EXAMPLE OF IC : AND, OR, NOT
GATE
IC 7408 – AND gate IC 7404 – NOT gate IC 7432 – OR gate
4.
5.
6. INTRODUCTION
• Logic gates are the basic building blocks for forming digital
electronic circuitry.
• A logic gate has one output terminal and one or more input
terminals.
• Its output will be HIGH (1) or LOW (0) depending on the digital
level(s) at the input terminal(s).
7. • Through the use of logic gates, we can design digital systems
that will evaluate digital input levels and produce a specific output
response based on that particular logic circuit design.
• The five basic logic gates are the NOT (inverter), AND, OR,
NAND, NOR.ex or, ex nor
8. THE AND GATE
• The output, X is HIGH if input A and input B are both HIGH. In
other words, if A = 1 and B = 1, then X = 1.
• If either A or B or both are LOW, the output will be LOW.
A
B
Y
Y = A . B
Input A Input B Output Y
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
10. THE OR GATE
• The OR gate also has two or more inputs and a single output.
• The operation of the two-input OR gate is defined as follows: The
output at Y will be HIGH whenever input A or input B is HIGH
or both are HIGH.
A
B Y
Y = A + B
Input A Input B Output Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
12. THE NOT GATE (INVERTER)
• The inverter is used to complement, or invert the digital signal.
• It has a single input and a single output.
• If a HIGH level (1) comes in, it produces a LOW-level (0)
output. If a LOW level (0) comes in, it produces a HIGH-level
(1) output.
13. THE NOT GATE (INVERTER)
Input A Output Y
0 1
1 0
A Y
AY
Truth table:
Symbol:
Equation:
15. THE NAND GATE
• The operation of the NAND gate is the same as the AND gate
except that its output is inverted.
• You can think of a NAND gate as an AND gate with in inverter at
is output.
• The symbol for a NAND gate is made from an AND gate with the
inversion circle (bubble) at its output.
16. Y = AB
A
B
Y = AB = NOT ( A AND B )
A
Input Output
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
Symbol & Truth table of the NAND gate
18. THE NOR GATE
• The operation of the NOR gate is the same as the OR gate
except that its output is inverted.
• You can think of a NOR gate as an OR gate with in inverter at is
output.
• The symbol for a NOR gate is made from an OR gate with the
inversion circle (bubble) at its output.
19. SYMBOL & TRUTH TABLE OF
THE NOR GATE
Input Output
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
21. THE EXCLUSIVE-OR GATE
• Provides a HIGH output if one input or the other input is
HIGH, but not both.
• The Boolean equation for the Ex-OR function is written X=AB +
AB and can be constructed using the combinational logic.
22. SYMBOL AND TRUTH TABLE OF THE
EXCLUSIVE-OR GATE
Input Output
A B EX – OR
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
• No of input 1 is even output 0
• No of input 1 is odd output 1
25. THE EXCLUSIVE-NOR GATE
• The Exclusive-NOR is the complement of the exclusive-OR.
• The truth table for the Ex-NOR shows a HIGH output for both
inputs LOW and both inputs HIGH.
• The Ex-NOR is sometimes called the equality gate because both
inputs must be equal to get a HIGH output.