1. Pour une approche temporaliste des usages et
des dispositifs de communication numériques
For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses
Jean-Claude Domenget
ELLIADD – Université de Franche-Comté
Guillaume Latzko-Toth
LabCMO – Université Laval
IAMCR 2015 / UQAM / 14-07-2015
2. 2
Conceptualizing the unstable – Limits of
existing theoretical frameworks
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
Two paradigms in the field of French social studies of ICT uses (sociology
of uses; Jauréguiberry et Proulx, 2011; Proulx, 2015) :
1) Unit of analysis = social uses as stable pattern of practices; focus on
continuity, reproduction, filiation of uses
missing some aspects of digital ICT uses (changes, instabiliy,
fragility)
2) Unit of analysis = activity within which ICT uses take place; 5 levels of
analysis including everyday life and the long term
time as a contextual element in the analysis (to situate uses at
a specific scale of time or within a historical sequence)
A concept of uses as stable construct becomes inadequate when devices
themselves are – and stay – unstable!
3. 3
Instability of digital devices, fragility of
their uses
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
Software-based media...
•Keep their plasticity (flexibility) long after they start to be used
•Are subject to constant mutations (permanently beta, Neff &
Stark, 2003)
•Are unstable and incomplete by design (Garud et al, 2008;
Latzko-Toth, 2011; Maxigas, 2014) : their plasticity is
instrumentalized by designers to enroll users in the design process
4. 4
Instability of digital devices, fragility of
their uses
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
Digital practices...
•Are unstable as they are constantly adjusting to evolving devices
•Uses are fragile (Domenget, 2013) : subject to changes in
attitudes towards and representation of the device; fluctuations in
the degree of engagement; moments of disengagements, and so
on
•Show various states from non-uses or "limited uses" – Kellner et
al., 2010) to routinized (social) uses = 2 ideal-types at both ends of
a continuum
5. 5
Broadening the conceptual framework to
include temporal dimensions
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
• Poorness of existing terminology to refer to time in
ICT uses
• No unified theory in sociology of time, but a rich
vocabulary has been crafted in this scholarship,
allowing for a rich and fine-grained analysis of social
temporalities in relation to digital practices
6. 6
Broadening the conceptual framework to
include temporal dimensions
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
Lallement's (2008) grammar of time based on Grossin (1996)
articulates 4 time structures/formations :
- temporal frames: imposed "architectures" of time specific to a
domain of activity (closed and rigid)
- temporal milieus: temporal assemblages that structure
activities on an open, free, and flexible basis
- temporal cultures: shared representations and "ways of doing"
associated with a group/society/period/generation
- personal temporal equations: combining a personal temporal
horizon (individual perspective on the articulation of present, past
and future), time management practices, and other elements
useful for analyzing temporal heterogeneities and related
conflicts in ICT uses
7. 7
Broadening the conceptual framework to
include temporal dimensions
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
A typology of temporal dimensions (Dubar et Rolle, 2008):
- Moments of time: present, past, future
- Time scales: short, medium, long term
- Domains of time structuration: work, leisure, family, intimacy
- Modes of temporal expression: ways of expressing temporalities
in discourse (e.g. temporal narratives regarding the self)
Useful for describing the temporal texture and "depth" of ICT
uses
8. 8
Methodological principles
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
• Approach devices and practices in a diachronic, historicized
way; by following the device's co-construction process, design
changes and the formation of uses are captured jointly
• Within a definite time period, think digital devices as
synchronicly embedded in a boundless web of digital artifacts
• A sensitivity to instability and fragility as expressed in the
discourses involved in sociotechnical controversies
9. 9
Inquiry methods
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
• Long term observation/immersion (several years) develop a
reflexive practice and a diachronic view of the device
• Qualitative interviews personal temporal equations in their
diachronic and synchronic aspects
• Trace analysis (archives of posts, tweets, etc. ; Facebook
activity logs...)
• Hybrid methods (e.g. trace interviews and co-analysis with
users)
10. 10
Illustrations: temporalizing Twitter uses
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
• Twitter lists: how listing morphed from a social
curation practice to a metrics of authority
• Twitter bots and the automation of relation
establishment
11. 11
Conclusions – Revisiting user agency
through the lens of temporality
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
• Unfolding the "hidden dimension" of time in studies of
digital communication devices
• New possible axes of analysis
Historicity of ICT uses (e.g.: how users periodicize their own
practices)
Time practices in relation to ICT uses (how digital practices
shape collective and individual temporalities)
...
12. 12
Conclusions – Revisiting user agency
through the lens of temporality
Domenget & Latzko-Toth – For a temporalist approach of digital
communication devices and their uses – IAMCR 2015
•Time and technology as a nexus of political struggle (cf.
Grossin's temporal ecologies):
ICTs may be used to empower users in relation to time by helping
them articulate temporal milieus allowing them to deal with temporal
heterogeneity and other challenges in a culture of emergency (Auber,
2003) and social acceleration (Rosa, 2012);
but they can also harden the constraints of temporal frames and
configure users' temporal experiences in a forced fashion
13. Merci !
Thank you !
Jean-Claude DOMENGET – ELLIADD – Université de Franche-Comté
jcdomenget@gmail.com
@jcdblog
Guillaume LATZKO-TOTH – LabCMO – Université Laval
guillaume.latzko-toth@com.ulaval.ca
@guillaumelatzko