History of Innovation. Iphone vs Nokia. Lesson to understand the use of PAST PERFECT

1. A BRIEF HISTORY OF INNOVATION AS
EVOLUTION: MOBILE TECHNOLOGY
iPhone technology (still a giant)
vs.
Nokia technology (a former giant)

2. iPhone vs. Nokia (Early history)
iPhone
• 1971: Jobs designed games
for Atari computer Co.
• 1976: Steve jobs founded
Apple Co. with the money
He got by having sold his car
• 1984: Apple introduced the
Macintosh computer
• 1985: Jobs resigned and left
Apple computer Co.
Nokia
• 1979: Nokia created a radio
telephone company
• 1981: Launch of the Nordic
Mobile Telephone service,
the world's first
international cellular
network
• 1982: Nokia introduced the
first car phone
• 1987: Nokia introduced the
Mobira Cityman, the first
handheld mobile phone

3. iPhone vs. Nokia (recent history)
Iphone
• 2001: Jobs unveiled the
revolutionary iPod
• 2003: Steve Jobs unveiled
the iPod mini
• 2007: Jobs launched the
iPhone I -touch screen-
• 2008: Apple launched
iPhone 3G
• Oct-2011: Jobs died in his
house surrounded by his
family.
Nokia
• 2000: Nokia launched a
phone capable of reading
emails on internet (7110)
• 2002: Nokia launched its
first video capture phone,
the Nokia 3650. It also
launched its first 3G phone,
the Nokia 6650
• 2005: Nokia sold its billionth
telephone –model 1110-
• Dec-2011: Nokia closed its
last mobiles factory in
Finland

4. Contrasting-Comparing past events
 In 1984, Apple introduced the Macintosh
computer.
 In 1982, Nokia introduced the first car phone.
We can contrast both events and express the
idea like this:
By the moment Apple introduced Macintosh
computer, Nokia had introduced, two years
before, the first car phone.

5. Language in Use: Contrasting past events
In English language it is possible to compare or
contrast two actions that happened in the past
using this form:
By the time (action 2 happened)
action 1 HAD HAPPENED –before-
If you notice the first clause is expressed in
SIMPLE PAST
But the second sentence needs a special auxiliary
word “HAD” and a verb in “PAST PARTICIPLE”,
the name of this grammatical arrangement is
PAST PERFECT

6. Language in Use: Contrasting past events
The Past Perfect tense is used when we refer to an
action that happened before another action that
also occurred in the past. Let’s look at another
example:
Action 1: In 2000, Nokia launched a telephone capable of
reading emails.
Action 2: In 2001, Jobs unveiled the revolutionary iPod.
Then we can say:
By the moment Jobs UNVEILED the revolutionary
iPod, Nokia HAD LAUNCHED, a year before, a
telephone capable of reading emails.

7. Now it is your turn!!!
Write 5 sentences contrasting the facts of the brief
history of innovation (early or recent), using the
past simple and the past perfect. And compare
your sentences with another classmate to see if
they are similar.
Pay attention to the conjugation in PAST PARTICIPLE
Check a dictionary or a verb list if necessary.

8. Referencias digitales
Información recuperada de los sitios:
https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/sep/03/noki
a-rise-fall-mobile-phone-giant
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2016/02/25/apples-
iphone-a-definitive-history-in-pictures/mobile-phone-
provider-o2-won-the-contract-to-exclusively-supply/
http://allaboutstevejobs.com/bio/timeline.php