1. Sowing Prosperity-Boosting Agricultural Productivity
 Asif Muhammed
 Yash Malpani
 Abhrajit Roy
 Ashish Pandav
 Ashima Dhankar
Team: MasterMinds

2. 1
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix
70% workforce only
contribute only 13.1% GDP
2007-2012
Economic growth :8.16%pa
Agriculture growth: 3.6% pa
Average Global Productivity :
4.2 ton/hectare
Average Indian Productivity:3.1
ton/hectare
Contribution of agriculture to
India’s GDP
1990 : 30%
2010:14.5%
Agricultural Productivity in
India is hard hit
Identify key problem
areas
Analyze the impact of
the problems
Prioritize the problems
based on impact
Propose solution for
each problem
Differentiated Range
Communication
Decline in GDP
Increase in import
Issues Effects
Roadmap

3. Case Overview Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix
Key
Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependence
on monsoons

4. 1
Arable land area : 160 million hectares
Number of agricultural holdings: 121 million
Number of S&M farmers : 99 million
Average size of land holdings: < 2 hectares
Gross irrigated crop area : 82.6 million hectares
Facts & Figures
Disguised unemployment
Poor productivity of labor
Liberalization & Globalization effects
Challenges faced in credit, technology and markets.
Facing challenges in value chain integration
High vulnerability to external factors like market volatility and
climatic challenge
Poor infrastructure and cold storage causing world's highest food
spoilage rate
Challenges Faced
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix
52.6
52.8
53
53.2
53.4
53.6
53.8
54
Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09
Percentage of Agricultural Land
Agricultural Land (km square)
15650000
15700000
15750000
15800000
15850000
15900000
15950000
16000000
16050000
Jan-03 Jan-04 Jan-05 Jan-06 Jan-07 Jan-08 Jan-09

5. 1
Solutions
Better agricultural
practices
Better Government
Policies
Technology (India spends
only 0.5 % against most
developing countries
who spent 1% )
i) High yielding crop varieties
ii) Contract farming
iii) Proper water management
iv) Diversification to high value crops
and allied activities
v) Improved farming techniques like
organic farming & horticulture
i) Better protection of farmers against imports :
tariffs needs to be strengthened
ii) Support systems have to extended to high value
crops as well
iii) Comprehensive social protection programs are
required
iv) Reforms to improve efficiency of domestic
markets and delivery systems.
v) Organization of farmers into groups/associations
and seek the help of private sector
vi) Providing irrigation facilities throughout
i) Increasing use of media and IT
like e-choupal and all
i) Improvements in Dry land
technology.
ii) Increased use of advanced
technologies like zero tillage and all
iii) Better use of bio-technology
including genomics and
bioinformatics etc
v) Give more stress on mobile
technolgy
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix

6. Agriculture Grid System
1
GAP
 Yields are low
 Quality is inconsistent
 Farmers are poor
 Post-harvest losses
 Lack of knowledge about markets
 Missing link between lab to land
 Extension personnel per farm
family (1:300 to1:2000)
Technology
generation
Technology
dissemination
Pre-Sowing
Post-Harvers Markets
Pre-Harvest
Village
Knowledge
Centre
Newspaper
Radio
TV Program
Kissan Call
Centre
SMS
Video Conf.
Internet
E-Choupal
Agrisnet
Esagu
Web Portals
Agriculture
information
Systems
Poor literacy level
Limited door delivery
information
Constraint on power supply
Restriction by policies
Local Languages
Lack of reliable connectivity
Geographic
Information System
Soil Management
Precision Farming
Remote sensing
Internet information
systems
Decision Support
System
Satellite
Spectrophometer
Web based agriculture
Constraint on bandwidth
User friendly, easy to use
systems
Changing mind-set of
farmer for benefits of IT
Current Scenario
Information need of farmers
Current ICT Programs
Way ahead
E agriculture
Challenges
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix

7. 1
Per hectare consumption of fertilizer
in selected countries- 2009
Country Consumption per
hectare (N+P+K)(Kg)
China 396
Egypt 375
Korea 284
Pakistan 204.9
Bangladesh 188.3
India 156.1
World Bank Data
•Educating Farmers
• Enhancing the availability & distribution
network
• Providing financial means (Credit)-
although policies are there but the
coverage is low
Solutions
Imbalanced Fertilization
As per scientific suggestions the use of N,P,K fertilizers should be in the
ratio of 4:2:1.
Current NPK Ratio Utilization – All India
Year N P K
2009-10 4.3 2 1
2010-11 4.7 2.3 1
2011-12 6.5 2.9 1
Main reasons for low usage of Potassium and Phosphate is
Price DifferentiationPrice Ratio
Year DAP/Urea MOP/Urea
2009-10 1.9:1 0.9:1
2010-11 2.1:1 1.0:1
2011-12 4:5:1 3:1
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix

8. 1
Nutrient Based Subsidy
FY2011-12 FY2012-13 FY2013-14
Nitrogen 27153 24000 20875
Phosphorous 32338 21804 18679
Potash 26756 24000 18333
Sulphur 1677 1677 1677
Current Subsidy System
Subsidy on the Nitrogenous fertilizers fluctuates depending on
the cost incurred by the fertilizer manufacturing company
Government decides the MRP of Nitrogenous fertilizers
Subsidy amount of Potash and Phosphorous based fertilizers is
fixed
Therefore Potash and Phosphorous based fertilizers increases
the MRP when more cost is incurred
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
Trend in Potash consumption
Solutions
•Extending Nutrient Based Subsidy to Nitrogen implementing
direct transfer of subsidy
•Securing Potash assets abroad so as to ensure supply as well
as hedge against price inflation in case of artificial shortage
• Promoting investments so as to boost indigenous production
• Promoting the use of complex fertilizers such as 10:26:26 &
12:32:16
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix

9. Imbalanced
Fertilization
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix
Food Subsidies in India in 2012-13 : 75,336 crores
Foodgrains lost per year : 50,000 crores
Percentage of chidren who are underweight or
malnourished : 40
Around 30-40 % of all fruits & vegetables get wasted when
they move from grower to consumer
More than 30% of grains supplied through the public
distribution system are lost because of storage
constraints.
India's storage facility : 70.5 million tonnes
High food inflation : Around 12%
India's cold storage capacity
Estimated at 29.7 million tonnes
Requirement 61.1 million tonnes
Facts & Figures
Poor infrastructure : Road, Rails, Power
Lack of refrigerated transport
Harsh weather conditions Corruption
Absence of good transport hubs
Bad post-harvest management
Insufficient storage capacity
Uncoordinated logistics
Fragmented supply chain stakeholders
Middleman is not working for the interest of farmers
Inadequate crop planning
Reasons of food grain wastage

10. Imbalanced
Fertilization
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix
Modernize and upgrade the agricultural supply chains
Improve the infrastructure
Promote food processing industries
Remove the export restrictions --> farmers will learn to improve quality and
consistency --> will ensure that our farmers are competent and produce good
quality products
Strong government policies : issues in land acquisition and all causes uncertainty
in investments in infrastructure
Accountability and transparency at bureaucracy
Price volatility has to be checked.
Proper education and training of farmers.
Proper grain bags for carriage.
Small multipurpose low cost storage facilities
Better food processing techniques
Low cost small scale mobile processing technologies can be achieved through
network of distributed franchises
Use of ICT's which would help farmers to forecast planting decisions, global supply
and demand projections
ICT's to help to provide information about daily price information like e-choupal
Enablement of larger private sector players
Policies to favor Distributed production
Steps to universalize Micro financing
Simplification and reduction of agricultural transport regulations
Solutions

11. Imbalanced
Fertilization
Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependency on
monsoons
Appendix
According to Dr T.N. Balasubramanian, Consultant to Dr M.S.
Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF), Chennai-
Due to frequent weather aberrations- annual per capita food
grain production: 207Kg(1995) declined to 186Kg (2006)
per capita food grains availability: 177 to 155 Kg
Monsoonal torrents supply over 70% of India’s annual rainfall
Crops heavily dependent on rainfall: cotton, rice, oilseeds, and
coarse grains.
Rain-fed agriculture: 60% of India’s total net sown area
SW monsoon is important: 72% of India’s annual rainfall is from
the SW Monsoon which supports nearly 75% of the Kharif crop
and India gets nearly 53% of its food from the Kharif season
(June-October) as compared to the Rabi season (November-
February), where the production is around 47%.
Facts & Figures
Channeling perennial rivers
·Infra structural provision for rain water harvesting
Modern farming techniques
Developing economical artificial irrigation techniques
Better weather forecasting in turn being used to make farmers
aware of the possible rainfall.
Knowledge about alternatives such as sowing a different variety
of crop
Solutions

12. Case Overview
Key Problem
Areas
Small Land
Holdings
Technology
Constraints
Imbalanced
Fertilization
Food Grain
Wastage
Dependence on
monsoons Appendix
Focus Group Interviews
 Mr. M.M. Rathi, National Fertilizers Limited, India
 DMO Godown, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh
 Mr. Chouksy, Chief Manager, M.P. State Co-operative
Marketing Federation
Farmers
Industry Experts
Distributors
 M/s Pragati Traders, Pipariya, India
 Mr. Pali Bhatia, Itarsi, Madhya Pradesh, India
 M/s Kisan Krashi Sewa Kendra, Bareli, India
 M/s Agro Deal, Bhopal, India
 M/s Maheshwari Fertilizers, Pipariya, India
 Mr. Madho Singh Patel, Piariya, Madhya Pradesh
 Mr. Rajneesh Kumar, Dabka, Madhya Pradesh
 Mr. Alok Rathi, Bareli, Madhya Pradesh
 Mr. Sadulmulaji, Haripara, Gujarat
 Mr. Suresh Taori, Pandurna, Maharashtra
References
 http://indiabudget.nic.in/es2000-01/chap813.pdf
 http://ies.lbl.gov/iespubs/41846.pdf
 http://pib.nic.in/newsite/erelease.aspx?relid=57975
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture_in_India
 http://databank.worldbank.org/data/home.aspx