This document discusses agricultural productivity, including its definition as the ratio of agricultural outputs to inputs. It also discusses factors that influence agricultural productivity growth, such as mechanization, fertilizers, irrigation, and pesticides. The importance of increasing agricultural productivity is outlined, such as promoting agricultural growth, alleviating poverty, and ensuring a more stable food supply. Methods for measuring agricultural productivity are also summarized, including total factor productivity and index number techniques. Data needs for growth models include land improvements and capital formation. As an example, the document notes that U.S. agricultural productivity rose significantly between 1950-2000 due to new technologies, with milk, corn, and farm output per hour all increasing substantially over that period.