This document describes isolating cellulose from the weed plant Prosopis juliflora and chemically modifying it into cellulose acetate. Conditions were optimized for isolating cellulose using sodium hydroxide and sodium chlorite treatments. The best isolation results used 50% sodium chlorite with 20% sodium hydroxide at 90°C for 120 minutes. Conditions for acetylating the cellulose into cellulose acetate were also optimized, with the best results at 100°C for 18 hours. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterized the isolated cellulose and synthesized cellulose acetate.