ISCN 2015: WG 1, Dante Archangeli
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Dante Archangeli, The University of Hong Kong
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ISCN 2015: WG 1, Dante Archangeli
- 1. source: The Wall Street Journal âBuildings account for 40% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Make them more energy efficient and you help fix a mega-problem.â âThereâs nothing else I could do . . . and have that kind of impact.â Henry Paulson, former Goldman Sachs CEO, U.S. Treasury Secretary, and Nature Conservancy Board Chair, whose engagement with Xi Jinping and other China leaders spans decades, discussing his efforts to make new Chinese buildings more energy efficient. Reduction in the Midst of Growth
- 2. 2 REDUCTION IN THE MIDST OF GROWTH collaboration to improve environmental performance at the University of Hong Kong ï Context â China & Southeast Asia, LEED & EBOM ï Lessons ï Project Highlights HKUâs CYC & TTT Buildings - Retrofit Pilot Project (Chow Yei Ching & Tsui Tsin Tong Buildings) ï Energy Performance Contract (EPC) ï LEED Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance (EBOM) (currently also referred to as LEED O+M: Existing Buildings) ï Challenges for China & SE Asia Dante.Archangeli@gmail.comReduction in the Midst of Growth
- 3. 3 150 2 0 50 100 150 billionsq.meters World Buildings existing building stock annual replacement 50 100 China the rest of the world 75 years before the worldâs existing buildings are replaced China accounts for 1/3 of the floor area of the worldâs buildings. sources: ACEEE, Architecture 2030 Reduction in the Midst of Growth Context
- 4. 4 EBOM minimum energy performance EBOM v2009 - 69th percentile O+M v4 a. 75th percentile, or b. 20% more efficient after retrofit EBOM (O+M) - reduces the environmental footprint of existing buildings. source: Green Building Law Update Reduction in the Midst of Growth Context
- 5. 5 EBOM â few local examples for contemplated China and SE Asian projects to learn from. 0 50 100 150 200 250 SanFrancisco Singapore Atlanta Houston Taipei HongKong Bangkok Chicago Jakarta Manila NewYork Beijing Shanghai certifiedEBOMprojectsvs Populationin100,000âs population EBOM (O+M) projects source: USGBC Directory, Wikipedia Reduction in the Midst of Growth Context
- 6. Timeline 6 CYC & TTT Project ï1st university bldgs. registered as LEED EBOMs in China ï Important example for China & SE Asian universities Source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Project Highlights 2008 Sustainability Office meets with CCI 2008 Centennial Campus kick-off ESPC interviews and tendering Siemens Ltd selected 2010 Nov IG Audit Reports 2011 Nov ESPC-LEED contract signed 2012 fall first four year undergrad class enters HKU 2013 Jul final project acceptance & start of 8 yr. energy guarantee 2013-2014 EBOM 12 & 3 month performance periods 2014 Dec EBOM certification package submitted
- 7. 7 CYC & TTT EPC Retrofit EPC projected electric savings â CYC building 30% electricity reduction 8 yr. payback cooling range 23-26 C uninsulated block & brick single pane glass 13,178 sq. m built 1993 chilled water plant upgrade 64% lighting retrofits 18% BMS upgrade with EMS 11% window film 5% green roof 2% source: IG Audit Report, Siemens Ltd Reduction in the Midst of Growth Project Highlights
- 8. 8 CYC & TTT EPC Retrofit EPC projected electric savings â TTT building 33% electricity reduction 8.4 yr. payback cooling range 20-24 C uninsulated block & brick single pane tinted glass 4,884 sq. m chilled water plant upgrade 56% Dehumidification upgrade 27% BMS upgrade with EMS 4% source: IG Audit Report, Siemens Ltd Reduction in the Midst of Growth Project Highlights lighting retrofits 13%
- 9. 9 CYC & TTT EBOM source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Project Highlights EBOM PROCESS Scoping and Assessment design charrette (but the building exists) Solutions Development costing of non-ESPC strategies mgt. reviews & policy development identify & approve credits to pursue Implementation Performance Period monitor & document Certification prepare & submit documentation USGBC review & determination Siemens Users Sustain. Office Finance Office Estates Office
- 10. 10 CYC & TTT EBOM source: LEED 2009 EBOM checklist Reduction in the Midst of Growth Project Highlights EBOM/O+M Rating System category prereqs. pos. pts. Sustainable Sites 0 26 Water Efficiency 1 14 Energy & Atmosphere 3 35 Materials & Resources 2 10 Indoor Env. Quality 3 15 Innovation in Operation 0 6 Regional Priority 0 4 Total 9 110 The certification application requires performance data, much of which is affected by user behaviors. 3-15 points - alternative commuting transportation â âdemonstrated % reduction in conventional commuting tripsâ 1-18 pts â optimize energy efficiency performance â âenergy performance must be based on actual metered energy consumptionâ max. 100 base credit points
- 11. 11source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Challenges âPeople will consider our EBOM effort a failure if it doesnât achieve the target level of certification.â Loss of face is to be avoided The EBOM process outcome is uncertain.
- 12. 12 uncertifie d 50% certified 50% All LEED rating systems uncertified 55% certified 45% EBOM rating system uncertified 55% all others 42% platinum 3% uncertified 50%all others 44% platinum 6% EBOM certifications are harder to achieve than certifications for other LEED rating systems. source: USGBC Directory, May 2015 Reduction in the Midst of Growth Challenges
- 13. 13 EBOM 3% ALL OTHER LEED RATING SYSTEMS 97% CHINA EBOM projects are a smaller portion of LEED projects in China than in the rest of the world. source: USGBC Directory, May 2015 Reduction in the Midst of Growth Challenges EBOM 10% ALL OTHER LEED RATING SYSTEMS 90% THE WORLD
- 14. 14 China & SE Asian building owners may require more Iikelihood that EBOM projects will achieve success. source: USGBC Directory, May 2015 Reduction in the Midst of Growth Challenges 0 20 40 60 80 100 SanFrancisco Singapore Atlanta Houston Taipei HongKong Chicago NewYork Beijing Shanghai EBOM certified as a % of EBOM registered
- 15. 15 The energy efficiency baseline may be lower in China and SE Asia. source: Siemens Ltd. IG Audit Reports Energy Star Portfolio Manager Reduction in the Midst of Growth Challenges Even before retrofits, CYC and TTT were energy efficient compared to similar buildings in Hong Kong. 70th HK 2010 percentile 911 MJ/m2/year 90th HK 2010 percentile 754 MJ/m2/year CYC Building TTT Building 46th to 64th US 2014 percentile
- 16. Outdoor and indoor air quality Food production and consumption Recycling and waste management Drinking water quality and sewer availability Sustainable product availability Commercial cleaning procedures 16 The infrastructure and culture for sustainability is not robust in most parts of China and SE Asia. source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Challenges
- 17. 17source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Lessons Universities are well suited to EPCs. Long-term building ownership horizon Control over building uses Short-term profit not required Building uses are stable
- 18. 18source: US EPA, Reduction in the Midst of Growth Lessons Projected energy savings may not occur CYC & TTT Buildingsâ electric savings
- 19. 19source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Lessons Guaranteed savings are interpretable
- 20. 20source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Lessons EBOM implementation depends on organizational structure & behaviors Resources & power adequacy, disparity Institutional culture internal consistency, strength, longevity Authority & responsibility Conflicting directions & motivators Continuity personnel, resources, priorities
- 21. 21source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth Lessons Successful EBOM implementation requires creating stakeholder buy-in waste/recycling â cleaning â purchasing Contractor Users
- 22. 22source: Reduction in the Midst of Growth The future Building ops & services professionalism improved internally, outside contractors Sustainability awareness & discourse raised administration, staff, users, & the greater HK campus community HKU ESCO contemplated Comprehensive sustainability plan being developed target setting, governance Sustainability office independence strengthened
- 23. 23Dante.Archangeli@gmail.comReduction in the Midst of Growth Recap EBOM & EPCâs = More Sustainable Existing Buildings real-word measured improvement required China & SE Asia regional challenges Building Operations = 40% of GHG Emissions 75 years to replace the existing buildings China accounts for 1/3 of the worldâs existing building floor area HKUâs CYC/TTT = Important Example for China & Asia
Hinweis der Redaktion
- According to an interview in the Wall Street Journal last fall. . . The interviewee said, about his work to make new buildings in China more energy efficient . . .
- Today weâll talk about two existing buildings in China that have become more energy efficient â HKUâs CYC and TTT Buildings . . . projected to reduce electricy use by over 31% transition from 3 yr to 4 yr undergraduate curriculum Centennial Campus was being built to provide the added space needed to accommodate the curriculum change
- Making existing buildings more energy efficient is as important, if not more so, than building new energy efficient buildings. It can take up to 80 years to make up for the environmental impacts of demolishing an existing building and constructing a new one, even if the resulting building is extremely energy efficient. American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
- Beijing 10, Shanghai 8
- Consultation with HKUST re their experiences with EPCs Regular updates to the HK Sustainable Campus Consortium â members, HKU, HKUST, CU of HK, HK Baptist, Lingnan U., Chinese U of HK, HK Inst. of Edu., Polytechnic U of HK One reason for choosing CYC & TTT was that, unlike many buildings on campus, their uses were not anticipated to change significantly because of the curriculum change and the addition of the Centennial Campus
- Cooling range 73.4-78.8 F
- Includes HKU Art museum, cooling range 68-75.2 F
- Heather Henriksen from Harvard â when is it most easy to make building energy efficient â prior to design Design charrette users â Art museum, departments-engineering, comp sci., labs, Kadoorie institute, HKU extension education Policies - Waste & recycling, cleaning, purchasing, approved by Committee on Sustainability then Safety, Health, and Environment Committee then headed by Vice-Chancellor
- All Leed RATING SYSTEMS â 100 POINTS At least 40 points are based on actual documented performance which is often subject to use behavior. Platinum 80 and above. Gold 60-79. Silver 50-59. Certified 40-49.
- There are differences between Chinese and Western based cultures in what is given weight for determining success. âDoing goodâ, for example by making a building more energy efficient, by itself may not be good enough in China and China influenced parts of SE Asia and âLearning from your mistakesâ or âHelping others to learn from your mistakesâ is not valued because . . . This attitude may make it more difficult to initiate efforts, like EBOM certification, that have more uncertain outcomes and thus a higher risk of loss of face. And again, why are EBOM outcomes more uncertain, because . . . Melissa Goodall from Yale â buldings need to be used correctly to work correctly.
- And perhaps its this uncertainty in successful outcome that results in EBOM projects being undertaken less often in China.
- In addition to the challenge of the interaction of uncertainty of outcome and the avoidance of loss of face . . . With respect to âuniversity buildingsâ, US â based on Miami FL climate, 64th-office, 46th-high school assuming 12 month use, weekend use, 1100 students, 400 computers (default was 200), ac & heat, cooking facilities
- Air -â 300 million smokers, 43% of worldâs cigarette production Even in highly developed Chinese cities, like Hong Kong, waste management lags far behind that of the rest of the developed world -â HK landfills do not charge for the dumping of domestic or commercial waste, nor for government provided trash pick-up, and no mandatory recycling programs, photo-construction debris from building ancestorâs tombs, litter is worse in other Asian countries Water & Sewer -â Yale EPI index out of 178 countries Singapore has the 4th best water in the world, Malaysia 51, China 118, even when tap water is high quality, people assume that it isnât squatter villages with walking distance of HKU with waste dumping directly into streams Prior to the EBOM effort not a single product the cleaning contractor was using met EBOM requirements. Smoking is still common
- But even with these regional challenge CYC/TTT have successfully been completed and a number of lessons learned. HKU and main building are 103 years old, Harvard University 379 years old, Harvard Yard â Massachusetts Hall 295 years old, Oxford University 800 to 900 years old
- Contractually, guaranteed energy savings can be shown by calculation to have been met, even when actual metered savings are less. International Performance Measurement & Verification Protocols
- Resources & power â organizational chart Authority & responsibility â misassumptions about EPC components & responsibility for EBOM Auth & responsibility - no centralized purchasing nor purchasing reporting â therefore there is no way to track the sustainability of purchases campus wide Continuity â change in leadership, Head of Estates change in 2013 Conflicting â two bosses for Siemens â Sustainability Office, other Estates Offices
- contractor â charged overtime to take food waste from CYC to a composter in another campus building users â belief that Hong Kong water is not safe to drink and that bottled water is necessary recycling bins should not be in public areas due to their unsightliness Recycled paper will damage printers Recycled paper is off-color Conspicuous consumption society in HK & China â July 2014 jewelry sales account for 24% of HKâs retail sales
- At HKU there are a number of positive outcomes that build upon the lessons learned from CYC/TTT . . .