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Trends 
and 
challenges 
Livestock 
and 
healthy 
lives 
ILRI@40 
Barbara 
Szonyi 
and 
Delia 
Grace 
Emerging 
zoono@c 
infec@ous 
diseases 
– 
past 
trends 
and 
future 
predic@ons 
Maps 
of 
all 
zoono@c 
emerging 
infec@ous 
disease 
events 
(n 
= 
202) 
since 
1940 
. 
Size 
of 
circles 
denotes 
number 
of 
events 
and 
color 
denotes 
breakdown 
of 
events 
in 
terms 
of 
type 
of 
zoono@c 
host. 
Source: 
D 
Grace 
et 
al. 
2002. 
Mapping 
of 
poverty 
and 
likely 
zoonoses 
hot 
spots. 
Report 
to 
Department 
of 
Interna@onal 
Development, 
UK. 
Updated 
from 
Jones, 
K 
et 
al. 
2008. 
Global 
trends 
in 
emerging 
infec@ous 
diseases 
.Nature,:451 
(7181), 
990-­‐993. 
Pictures 
Barbara 
Szonyi 
b.szonyi@cgiar.org 
Addis 
Ababa 
Ethiopia 
● 
ilri.org 
Global 
distribu@on 
of 
rela@ve 
risk 
of 
an 
EID 
event. 
Maps 
are 
derived 
for 
EID 
events 
caused 
by 
(a) 
zoono@c 
pathogens 
from 
wildlife, 
(b) 
zoono@c 
pathogens 
from 
non-­‐wildlife, 
(c) 
drug-­‐resistant 
pathogens 
and 
(d) 
vector-­‐borne 
pathogens. 
Green 
to 
red 
indicates 
low 
to 
high 
risk. 
Source: 
Jones, 
K 
et 
al. 
2008. 
Global 
trends 
in 
emerging 
infec@ous 
diseases 
.Nature,:451 
(7181), 
990-­‐993. 
This 
document 
is 
licensed 
for 
use 
under 
a 
Crea@ve 
Commons 
ABribu@on 
–Non 
commercial-­‐Share 
Alike 
3.0 
Unported 
License 
November 
2014 
June 
2012 
Conceptual 
framework 
of 
the 
causal 
links 
between 
livestock 
keeping, 
nutri@on 
and 
health 
outcomes 
among 
the 
poor 
Right: 
Hypothesized 
causal 
linkages 
between 
livestock 
keeping 
and 
human 
nutri@on 
and 
health 
outcomes 
among 
the 
poor 
. 
ASF 
= 
animal-­‐source 
food; 
HH 
= 
household; 
arrows 
indicate 
different 
causal 
linkages 
. 
Source: 
.F. 
Randolph 
et 
al. 
Role 
of 
livestock 
in 
human 
nutri@on 
and 
health 
for 
poverty 
reduc@on 
in 
developing 
countries. 
J. 
Anim. 
Sci. 
2007. 
85:2788–2800. 
Food-­‐borne 
diseases 
in 
the 
developing 
world 
Approach 
Lec: 
Distribu@on 
of 
major 
food-­‐ 
borne 
zoonoses. 
Source: 
D 
Grace 
et 
al. 
2002. 
Mapping 
of 
poverty 
and 
likely 
zoonoses 
hot 
spots. 
Report 
to 
Department 
of 
Interna@onal 
Development, 
UK. 
1990 
Rank 
Condi9on 
1 
Lower 
respiratory 
infec@ons 
2 
Diarrheal 
diseases 
3 
Preterm 
birth 
complica@ons 
4 
COPD 
5 
Malaria 
6 
Stroke 
7 
Protein-­‐energy 
malnutri@on 
8 
Tuberculosis 
9 
Neonatal 
encephalopathy 
10 
Ischemic 
heart 
disease 
2010 
Rank 
Condi9on 
1 
Lower 
respiratory 
infec@ons 
2 
Diarrheal 
diseases 
3 
Ischemic 
heart 
disease 
4 
Malaria 
5 
Stroke 
6 
HIV/AIDS 
7 
Preterm 
birth 
complica@ons 
8 
Road 
injury 
9 
COPD 
10 
Low 
back 
pain 
Trends 
of 
global 
disease 
burden 
Rank 
1990 
Condi9on 
1 
Ischemic 
heart 
disease 
2 
Stroke 
3 
Low 
back 
pain 
4 
Road 
injury 
5 
Lung 
cancer 
6 
Major 
depressive 
disorder 
7 
COPD 
8 
Self-­‐harm 
9 
Other 
musculoskeletal 
10 
Diabetes 
Rank 
2010 
Condi9on 
1 
Ischemic 
heart 
disease 
2 
Stroke 
3 
Low 
back 
pain 
4 
Major 
depressive 
disorder 
5 
Lung 
cancer 
6 
COPD 
7 
Other 
musculoskeletal 
8 
Road 
injury 
9 
Diabetes 
10 
Falls 
Top 
10 
causes 
of 
DALY 
in 
developed 
countries. 
Disability-­‐adjusted 
life 
year 
(DALY) 
is 
a 
measure 
of 
overall 
disease 
burden, 
expressed 
as 
the 
number 
of 
years 
lost 
due 
to 
ill-­‐health, 
disability 
or 
early 
death. 
Source: 
Ins@tute 
for 
Health 
Metrics 
and 
Evalua@on 
(IHME) 
Top 
10 
causes 
of 
DALY 
in 
developed 
countries. 
Source: 
IHME

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ILRI 40 years: Livestock and healthy lives

  • 1. Trends and challenges Livestock and healthy lives ILRI@40 Barbara Szonyi and Delia Grace Emerging zoono@c infec@ous diseases – past trends and future predic@ons Maps of all zoono@c emerging infec@ous disease events (n = 202) since 1940 . Size of circles denotes number of events and color denotes breakdown of events in terms of type of zoono@c host. Source: D Grace et al. 2002. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hot spots. Report to Department of Interna@onal Development, UK. Updated from Jones, K et al. 2008. Global trends in emerging infec@ous diseases .Nature,:451 (7181), 990-­‐993. Pictures Barbara Szonyi b.szonyi@cgiar.org Addis Ababa Ethiopia ● ilri.org Global distribu@on of rela@ve risk of an EID event. Maps are derived for EID events caused by (a) zoono@c pathogens from wildlife, (b) zoono@c pathogens from non-­‐wildlife, (c) drug-­‐resistant pathogens and (d) vector-­‐borne pathogens. Green to red indicates low to high risk. Source: Jones, K et al. 2008. Global trends in emerging infec@ous diseases .Nature,:451 (7181), 990-­‐993. This document is licensed for use under a Crea@ve Commons ABribu@on –Non commercial-­‐Share Alike 3.0 Unported License November 2014 June 2012 Conceptual framework of the causal links between livestock keeping, nutri@on and health outcomes among the poor Right: Hypothesized causal linkages between livestock keeping and human nutri@on and health outcomes among the poor . ASF = animal-­‐source food; HH = household; arrows indicate different causal linkages . Source: .F. Randolph et al. Role of livestock in human nutri@on and health for poverty reduc@on in developing countries. J. Anim. Sci. 2007. 85:2788–2800. Food-­‐borne diseases in the developing world Approach Lec: Distribu@on of major food-­‐ borne zoonoses. Source: D Grace et al. 2002. Mapping of poverty and likely zoonoses hot spots. Report to Department of Interna@onal Development, UK. 1990 Rank Condi9on 1 Lower respiratory infec@ons 2 Diarrheal diseases 3 Preterm birth complica@ons 4 COPD 5 Malaria 6 Stroke 7 Protein-­‐energy malnutri@on 8 Tuberculosis 9 Neonatal encephalopathy 10 Ischemic heart disease 2010 Rank Condi9on 1 Lower respiratory infec@ons 2 Diarrheal diseases 3 Ischemic heart disease 4 Malaria 5 Stroke 6 HIV/AIDS 7 Preterm birth complica@ons 8 Road injury 9 COPD 10 Low back pain Trends of global disease burden Rank 1990 Condi9on 1 Ischemic heart disease 2 Stroke 3 Low back pain 4 Road injury 5 Lung cancer 6 Major depressive disorder 7 COPD 8 Self-­‐harm 9 Other musculoskeletal 10 Diabetes Rank 2010 Condi9on 1 Ischemic heart disease 2 Stroke 3 Low back pain 4 Major depressive disorder 5 Lung cancer 6 COPD 7 Other musculoskeletal 8 Road injury 9 Diabetes 10 Falls Top 10 causes of DALY in developed countries. Disability-­‐adjusted life year (DALY) is a measure of overall disease burden, expressed as the number of years lost due to ill-­‐health, disability or early death. Source: Ins@tute for Health Metrics and Evalua@on (IHME) Top 10 causes of DALY in developed countries. Source: IHME