Realizing the benefits of cover crop legumes in smallholder crop-livestock systems of the hillsides of Central America: Trade-off analysis of using legumes for soil enhancing or as animal feed resource
Presentation by M. Quintero, R. D. Estrada, F. Holmann, I. Rao, S. Martens, M. Peters, R. Van der Hoek, M. Mena, S. Douxchamps, A. Oberson, and E. Frossard (CIAT) to the CGIAR Systemwide Livestock Programme Livestock Policy Group Meeting, 1 December 2009
Ähnlich wie Realizing the benefits of cover crop legumes in smallholder crop-livestock systems of the hillsides of Central America: Trade-off analysis of using legumes for soil enhancing or as animal feed resource
Ähnlich wie Realizing the benefits of cover crop legumes in smallholder crop-livestock systems of the hillsides of Central America: Trade-off analysis of using legumes for soil enhancing or as animal feed resource (20)
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Realizing the benefits of cover crop legumes in smallholder crop-livestock systems of the hillsides of Central America: Trade-off analysis of using legumes for soil enhancing or as animal feed resource
1. Realizing the benefits of cover crop legumes in smallholder crop-livestock systems of the hillsides of Central America Trade-off analysis of using legumes for soil enhancing or as animal feed resource M. Quintero, R. D. Estrada, F. Holmann, I. Rao, S. Martens, M. Peters, R. Van der Hoek, M. Mena, S. Douxchamps, A. Oberson, and E. Frossard Presentation: CGIAR Systemwide Livestock Programme Livestock Policy Group, 1 December 2009
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8. Ex-ante economic analysis – Five scenarios Scenarios Description 1. Baseline Current farm situation(12 ha; 2 ha maize & beans; rest is pasture) 2. Canavalia as feed Canavalia is adopted as dry season forage 3. Canavalia as green manure Canavalia is adopted to improve crop p roductivity 4. Canavalia as feed with sorghum Canavalia is adopted together with sorghum to increase milk production 5. Canavalia to improve soil quality Canavalia/maize is rotated throughout the farm area over time (8-10 years) and then rotation is followed by planting an improved grass ( Brachiaria brizantha )
9. Ex-post economic analysis – Three scenarios Scenarios Description Adjusted input values with information on: 1. Base line Current farm situation(12 ha; 2 ha maize & beans; rest pasture) Beans and maize productivity reported for field trials during 2007-2008 in Nicaragua 2. Canavalia as feed Canavalia is adopted as dry season forage Milk productivity data reported for field trials in Santander de Quilichao Station (Colombia) and Canavalia and maize productivity –when rotated with Canavalia from Nicargua trials 3. Canavalia as green manure Canavalia is adopted to improve crop p roductivity The effect of different treatments was analyzed for the maize grain yield harvested in 2007 and 2008 by applying an ANOVA analysis (Nicaragua trials) Treatments: i) the traditional maize-bean rotation ii) the maize- Canavalia rotation
22. Comparison of values adjusted for the ex-post analysis *In Douxchamps (2009) the urea was not suspended due to the incorporation of Canavalia in the rotation ** In Martens (2009) results, a 15% of milk production increase was obtained when Canavalia was used for animal nutrition Note: Same prices were assumed in the ex-ante and ex-post analysis Variable Ex-ante Ex-post Canavalia productivity (t/ha) 2 2 Maize production costs (when rotated with Canavalia ) 64 99* Milk production (lt/day per cow) - Baseline 3 3 Milk production (lt/day per cow) - Canavalia as forage 3.7 3.45** Maize productivity t/ha (baseline and Canavalia -based rotation) 2.3 2.4 Bean productivity (t/ha) 1.3 0.16
Site differences need for deep soils, OM, good drainage, not too many rocks
Selection criteria: 3-5 months of lactation duration: 10 days (5 days adaptation, 5 days measurements
It is noticeable that assumptions made in the ex-ante analysis about milk production when Canavalia is used for animal production, maize productivity, and Canavalia productivity were very similar to the values obtained during field experiments. However, there are some changes with respect to beans productivity for which the reported productivity by farmers in 2007 is far from what was measured in the field during the same year. This seems to be related with an atypical low ( High? ) rainfall amount that year and the incidence of some pests and diseases (Douxchamps, 2009, pers. comm.). Also, maize production costs int the ex-post analysis were higher as any reduction on the application of urea was reported during field trials and it is uncertain at this moment at what proportion this can be reduced throughout the time as Canavalia is used as green manure for longer periods of time. (in the ex-ante analysis was simulated a reduction in the purchase of urea or practically 100% and only was used NPK).
The income was increased by 6% in the ex ante analysis while in the ex-post a 8% increase was obtained.
The income was increased by 6% in the ex ante analysis while in the ex-post a 8% increase was obtained.