Forensic Biology & Its biological significance.pdf
Delivery of animal health services: Opportunities and challenges in extensive systems in Botswana
1. Delivery of animal health services:
Opportunities and challenges in extensive
systems in Botswana
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT
& FOOD SECURITY
DEPARTMENT OF VETERINARY SERVICES (DVS)
G. Gaopatwe
Workshop on the delivery of animal health services in extensive livestock production
systems
Nairobi, 9-10 March 2017
2. OUTLINE
Map of Botswana- Disease control zones
Core mandate – DVS
Organizational structure
Division of Disease Control
Responsibilities of – Disease control division
Field Extension services
Extension staff
Extensive Livestock production system (Communal
Grazing areas)
Opportunities in extensive livestock production systems
Challenges
3.
4. DVS Structure
DIRECTOR
Dep Dir
Disease Control
Field Extension
Principal Vet
Officer
Ext Agents
Import / Export Epidemiology BAITS
Dep Dic
Meat Hygiene
Dep Dir
BNVL
Dep Dir Policy
Dev & Compl
5. DVS - core mandate
To develop on a sustainable and competitive basis the
Livestock Industry by improving farmer incomes,
generating employment opportunities through the
promotion and adoption of appropriate technologies
and management practices.
6. Mandate Cont.….
Mandate of DVS is ensure that there is a healthy,
productive and marketable herd in Botswana
Our policy is vaccinate against endemic diseases and
remain free without vaccination for exotic diseases
Only DVS will approve diseases to be vaccinated for
Some vaccinations are compulsory (official) while
others are voluntary
7. Disease control division
Veterinary Field Extension services
Epidemiology
Import/export control
Traceability - Botswana Animal Information and
Traceability System (BAITS)
8. Disease control division - Responsibilities
Implementation of disease control strategy
Vaccination programs
Disease investigation /Clinical cases
Official controls (Bio security, Import
export controls)
Maintenance of disease control
infrastructure (Fences)
Implementation of Disease surveillance plan
Annual plans (Design and monitoring implementation
of surveillance plans)
9. Veterinary Field Extension Services
Responsible for Animal disease control and prevention
through;
Monitoring, control and prevention of epizootics
Clinical diagnosis and treatment of animals
Provision of extension service on animal disease
control and management
Facilitation Livestock identification and traceability
(BAITS).
Maintenance of disease control infrastructure
10. Staffing at districts/ Extension areas
22 districts/sub districts – Headed by Veterinarians
306 Extension areas manned by Technical staff (Ext
agents)
Technical agents stay in their extension areas for
regular and constant contact with farmers and quick
response to farmer problems.
Farmers develop strong working relationship with
extension agents
47 Disease control Fence maintenance camps with
314 fence repairing staff
11. Extensive Livestock production
Livestock census - Botswana
Approx. 2.6 million cattle, 1million goats, 500 000 sheep, 200 000
donkeys, 50 000 horses and 50 000 pigs
80% in the hands of small farmers under communal / extensive farming
The system assumes cattle post set up
Livestock graze during the day and may be kraaled overnight to protect
them form predation
Provision of drinking is in the hands of the owner.
Farmers have free access to grazing areas: livestock graze on natural
pastures
Movement of livestock within grazing areas difficult to control
Difficult to coordinate disease control activities by individual farmers
Uncoordinated husbandry practices by individual farmers
Farmers have free access to public disease control infrastructure
Farmers have free access to services provided by Gov.
(vaccinations, extension information on animal health issues)
12. Animal Health support services by Gov.
(Notifiable Diseases: Diseases of Animals Act CAP: 37.01)
Official vaccinations: Done entirely at Gov Expenses)
Anthrax
Black leg
Foot and Mouth Disease (only in FMD infected zones)
Other Services
Livestock census for plenary purposes
Clinical diagnosis and treatment of animals- treatment drugs
bought by farmers
Facilitation Livestock identification and traceability (BAITS).
Issuance of movement permits Inter-zonal movements &
loadings to slaughter facilities BMC / local abattoirs)
Feeding / livestock nutrition
15. support services by Gov. Cont..
Extension information:(On animal health issues)
Technical advices on livestock management
Medium for Ext messages Ext agent to farmer (One on One)
Farmer trainings at Rural Training Centres (RTCs)
TV programs
Radio programs
Agric. Magazines, newsletters and pamphlets
Private Vaccinations: (Farmers buy the vaccine for themselves)
Vaccination is done through the guidance of Extension agents
Lumpy Skin Disease
Pasturellosis
Enterotoxaemia (Small stock)
African Horse Sickness
Botulism
17. Opportunities
Gov. has an obligation to develop on a sustainable and
competitive basis the Livestock Industry by improving
farmer incomes, generating employment opportunities
through the promotion and adoption of appropriate
technologies and management practices.
Botswana adopted and started using a digital/electronic
technology to ensure that all cattle are uniquely identified
(BAITS).The system has since grown and evolved to include
communal farmers who are essentially under extensive
production system.
(BAITS) provide a window for compliance to lucrative beef
markets as an opportunity – income generation for Extensive
livestock production farmers.
BAITS also addresses animal health and public health
concerns.
18. Challenges
Control of livestock diseases difficult to undertake
extensive production system– vast disease control
zones
Small farmers (low income) unable to buy vaccines
and dugs.
Low uptake of technologies (BAITS)
23. Botswana Animal Information and Traceability
System (BAITS)
Traceability started year 2001 in Botswana
Livestock Identification and Trace-back System (LITS)
Requirement for export markets
Reticular bolus with RF ID unique identification microchip number
Bolus insertion animals done entirely by DVS – workload increased for DVS Ext officers
LITS evolved to BAITS – launched in 2014
BITS tag also with RFID unique identification microchip number
BAITS is farmer centric.
Tags are applied on cattle by owners (Farmers)
Farmers able to access and upload information into the BAITS data base (Name, address, ext area, crush
point, color of animal, sex, age owner brand etc)
Other transactions by farmer; transfer of ownership, arrival of animals at new crush point, treatment records
etc
Other information by DVS; vaccination records (notifiable diseases), movement permits, disease surveillance
records
BAITS tags = P20 (USD2)
BAITS addresses market requirements / animal health issues.
BAITS tagging: 3months old calves
Gov. role:
make tags available to farmers
manage the national data base
Ensure that cattle are market compliant (Ext officers at farm level)