A presentation on how to improve local adaptive capacities and inclusive scaling mechanisms for climate-smart agriculture in Ethiopia. It was delivered at the inception workshop for the CGIAR Initiative for Livestock and Climate by Birgit Habermann

1. Livestock and Climate
Initiative
Work package 1 Inception Workshop,
Debre Birhan, 4 October 2022
On-farm technologies in social context: Improving
local adaptive capacities and inclusive scaling
mechanisms in North Shewa Zone, Ethiopia
Birgit Habermann, ILRI

2. www.cgiar.org
On-farm technologies in social context: Improving local
adaptive capacities and inclusive scaling mechanisms
• Pioneering approach
• How can farmers, experts and scientists co-produce livestock
technologies for adaptation and mitigation
• Producer-led scaling
• Social inclusion, gender sensitivity
• What are the tradeoffs between socio-economic and biophysical
outcomes

3. www.cgiar.org
Theory of change: 4 countries
Oc1:
80k livestock producing
households implement
climate smart
technologies
appropriate to their
production systems
Op1: Validated
technology
packages tailored to
specific agro-
ecologies
Livestock
producers, NARS,
producer org.s
development
partners, private
sector
IOc1:
Data sets for
adaptation
tracking and
MRV in WP5
IOc3: Analyses of
socially
differentiated
adoption capacities
and impacts
Op4: Methodological innovation
and tools for socially scaling;
gender and HH
Op3: Methodological innovation for
multi-dimensional tradeoff and
synergy analysis
WP5 Governments capacitated
for adaptation tracking and MRV
Op2: Methodological innovations
for technological co-production
and producer led scaling
IOc2: Tradeoff
analyses for
learning about
socially inclusive
scaling of LER
practices
Livestock producers,
producer org.s, NARS,
development partners,
private sector
WP2 CIS Advisories
Research
partners,
producer
org.s
Research
partners,
producer
org.s
WP5 Policy advocacy
for social equity targets

4. Build common
ground
[scoping study]
Co-develop solutions
[participatory
adaptation analysis]
Co-deliver solutions
[MEL]
•Overview on available CS technologies
•Identify key actors/stakeholders
•Local inception workshop to develop local
partnership
•Household survey > sample of Pioneers
•Scoping interviews > verification of
technologies and final list of Pioneers
•Development and testing of a tool for citizen
science data collection
•Citizen data collection on-farm, involving
farmers, social and bio-physical scientists, local
partners if applicable
•Social science data collection: SSIs, group
meetings, Farmer field days,…
•Validation and scaling readiness [scaling
expert]
•Validation workshop with local stakeholders
and pioneers
COMPONENT 1: Co-production

5. Site
identification,
livestock
production
systems,….
Finding CS
technologies
(link with
existing work
at the sites)
Meeting
stakeholders,
inception
workshop
Household
survey to
identify
statistically
positive
deviant
pioneers
Scoping
interviews to
verify final
group of
pioneers
Citizen Science
data
collection: tool
development,
testing and
data collection
in team of
farmers, social
and
biophysical
researchers
for 12 months
Verify
technologies
for social
implications
and overall
scaling
readiness with
validation
workshop and
scaling expert

6. • Temperature-Humidity Index from monthly
averages from met stations
• Climate change parameter: perceived impact
Stress-level
high/low
•Dairy: Daily milk yield, age at first calving, calving interval,
mortality (reasons?), species/breed
•Fattening: mortality (reasons?), origin of animal, species/breed,
animal condition (body scores, weight development, weight when
selling, if known…), price when buying and selling, income vs
investment…
Production
performance
•Livelihood benefits: use the method of Dismas et al
•More than cash income, should capture different aspects
•HH ability to cover expenses: school bills, food, financial obligations,
investment in farm, spending for buying livestock feed, buying new
livestock, infrastructure of farms, keep savings,…
Livelihoods
Indicators
for
assessing
positive
deviance

7. Providing
information
Reaching
out
Capacity
building
•Share research findings of citizen
science data collection
•Farmers reports with manuals for
interpretation
•Tailor made training for
pioneers/groups
•Farmer led participatory field days
•Farmer/expert co-led field days
•Feedback workshops
•Group development for further
scaling
•Development of pioneer-based
knowledge networks
•Building capacities of knowledge
networks
•Dissemination information
materials
COMPONENT 2: Scaling

8. • Farmer-led scaling based on PD groups
• Group based F2F training
• Communication & outreach
• Exchange visits to other sites
PCSL Pioneers & their groups
• Identification of pioneers
• Which technologies are they already working on?
• What makes the pioneers different from others: research the practices more in detail to understand the
difference:
• Biophysical research e.g. on feed quality, feed preservation,…
• Social research: Gender/ labour, profitability, different drivers of adaptation…
• Farmer-led scaling based on PD groups
New pioneers, new groups

9. www.cgiar.org
Citizen Science Focus 2023
• Observation of weather phenomena and climatic variability
• Productivity: Monthly data collection
• HG, Body scores, if small ruminants weighing to observe
changes in weight and body condition
• Collecting feed samples
• SSIs: short informal interviews, 2-3 times per year

10. www.cgiar.org
Sample size per Woreda
HH Survey:
500
Scoping:
50-80
Pioneers:
30-50
Knowledge Networks with
pioneers, groups, experts,
researchers….
Knowledge Networks with
pioneers, groups, experts,
researchers….

11. www.cgiar.org
Study site
• Mojana Wadera
• Tarmber
• Alemtena
• Feresemegalebiya
• Menz Gera
• Ashen
• Tsehay sina
• Atsedas
• Basona Werana
• Gudo beret
• Abamote
• Debele
ILRI
ILRI,
ICARDA
ILRI,
ICARDA,
CIAT

12. Linkages to other CG work
Centres working on related topics:
• ILRI
• ICARDA
• CIAT
Ongoing projects/Initiatives we are linking with:
• MFS-SI: Sustainable Intensification of Mixed Farming Systems
• SAPLING: challenges facing Ethiopia’s dairy, poultry and small ruminants’
sectors. Sustainable Animal Productivity for Livelihoods, Nutrition, and
Gender Inclusion.
• Africa Rising: sustainable intensification of tree-crop-livestock mixed
systems

13. About CGIAR
CGIAR is a global research partnership for a food-
secure future. CGIAR science is dedicated to
transforming food, land and water systems in a
climate crisis. Its research is carried out by 13 CGIAR
Centers/Alliances in close collaboration with
hundreds of partners, including national and
regional research institutes, civil society
organizations, academia, development organizations
and the private sector. www.cgiar.org
We would like to thank all Funders who support this
research through their contributions to the CGIAR
Trust Fund.
Thank you!