Banana bunchy top disease,Banana bacterial wilt,Total area of banana and plantain in BBTV & BXW-affected countries in Africa,Alliance to combat common threats

1. REPORT
International Workshop on BBTV and BXW:
Meeting the Challenges of Emerging Disease Threats to Banana
and Strategies for Raising Awareness, Surveillance and
Management of these Diseases in sub-Saharan Africa
24 – 28 August 2009, Arusha, Tanzania
www.iita.org

2. Background
•Emergence and severe outbreaks of
banana bunchy top and banana bacterial
wilt in SSA.
•Both the diseases are highly invasive and
can spread rapidly causing severe damage
to banana production.
www.iita.org

3. Banana bunchy top disease
A
B
• Known to occur in Africa since 1920; in SSA since 1954.
• Occurs in 11 countries (Angola, Burundi, Cameroon, Central African
Republic, Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Equatorial Guinea,
Gabon, Malawi, Rwanda and Zambia; Disease reported in Mozambique, but
Govt. authorities reported eradication of BBTV ).
www.iita.org

4. Banana bacterial wilt
• BBW (also known as banana
Xanthomonas wilt or BXW)
• Native to Ethiopia(!)
• Outside Ethiopia, first reported
in 2001
• Occurs in 6 countries: (DRC,
Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda,
Tanzania and Uganda).
bacterium
Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum
www.iita.org

5. Total area of banana and plantain in
BBTV & BXW-affected countries in Africa
7000000
Musa area in Africa – 2007*
6000000
5000000
ha
4000000 Total area
Area of banana and plantain in
3000000 BBTV and BXW-affected countries
*Source: FAOSTAT; (Verified in Aug 09)
2000000
1000000
0
Area of Musa Area of plantain Area of banana
Musa production in 4.5 million ha is under the threat of BXW and BBTV
www.iita.org

6. Alliance to combat common threats
Efforts were on to combat BXW, but very
little was known about BBTV in SSA.
Plant to hold regional meeting on BBTV
discussed during “Banana-2008”.
EU-Funding to SADC to establish a
framework to control BBTV & BXW.
FAO funding for East Africa for
surveillance.
USAID-bridge fund to IITA and Bioversity.
www.iita.org

7. Objectives
• To update the current status of BBTD and BXW, risk of further spread and
national capacity for response.
• To bring experiences from global partners on BBTD, BXW and banana
aphid control to the planning and development of the SSA strategy.
• To develop country/regional strategies to control BBTD, BXW and banana
aphid in endemic areas, and restrict spread into unaffected zones.
• To strengthen regional capacity for quarantine, research and extension
with respect to surveillance and management tools and approaches on
BBTD and BXW in SSA.
www.iita.org

8. 19 Countries: 60 participants
Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo, DRC, Kenya, Malawi,
Mozambique, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and
Zimbabwe. Australia, India, Italy and UK.
Invitations sent to Angola, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea, but there was no
response.
www.iita.org

9. Program
24 – 28 August
Day 1: Baseline studies and country reports; and lessons from
internationals experience
Day 2: New trends in BXW and BBTD management
Working groups
• Surveillance and quarantine feedback
• Disease Control and Management Measures
• Supply of Clean Planting Material
• Advocacy and Socio-economic Assessment
Day 3 – 4: Discussion sessions on country priorities and prioritization of
research needs
Day 4 – 5: Surveillance workshop
www.iita.org

10. IITA team at helm
•BBTV studies in SSA – L Kumar
•Banana aphid and biocontrol – R Hanna
•Overview and new trends in BXW research – L Tripathi
•Surveillance workshop – F Beed
•GIS in surveillance – H Bouwmeester
•Country priority setting – S Hauser
•Researchable issues – R Hanna
www.iita.org

11. Outputs
•Further information and updates on:
www.bananadiseasesframework.org
•Wide coverage in media
•High level meeting in 2010
•Good source for problem assessment
and R4D needs, and soliciting donors
for funding
www.iita.org

12. www.iita.org

13. Country priorities
1. Surveillance and 2. Supply of 3. On-farm control 4. Advocacy / Socio-
quarantine clean planting and management econ. assessment
material practices
none Mozambique 4 1 3 2
none Nigeria 1 2 3 4
none South Africa 1 3 2 4
none Zimbabwe 1 3 2 4
BXW Kenya 4 1 2 3
BXW Tanzania 1 3 4 2
BXW Uganda 3 1 2 4
BBTD Burundi 2 1 3 4
BBTD Cameroon 1 3 4 2
BBTD CAR 2 3 1 4
BBTD Congo Brazzaville 2 1 4 3
BBTD Malawi 2 1 4 3
BBTD Zambia 2 3 4 1
both DRCongo 2 1 3 4
both Rwanda 2 3 1 4
www.iita.org

14. Research priorities for BBTD
SSA
SSA SSA countries
country Countries without International
Mean with BBTD BBTD experts
Screening germplasm for resistance 18 17 14 14
Disease epidemiology 18 18 15 13
IPM package 14 12 13 13
User-friendly diagnosis 12 15 18 13
Environmental /economical /social factors & disease
dynamics 12 16 13 14
Biocontrol of aphid 9 9 9 9
Spatial analysis and modelling disease/vector dispersal 9 12 12 10
Screening insecticides 5 6 1 4
Biopriming for aphid 4 4 5 3
User-friendly techniques to eradicated disease - - - 10
Aphid population biology - - - 20
Transgenics for BBTV resistance - - - 20
Long distance dispersal and development of disease - - - 20
www.iita.org

15. Research priorities for BXW
SSA SSA
SSA Countri countries
country es with without
Mean BBTD BBTD International experts
IPM package 23 16 12 24
Disease epidemiology 18 18 13 18
User-friendly diagnosis 15 21 26 14
Screening germplasm for resistance 14 13 21 13
Environmental /economical /social factors & disease
dynamics 13 13 9 13
Spatial analysis and modelling disease and vector
dispersal 10 - - 9
Pathogen variability - - - 5
Risk to other crops - - - 5
User-friendly techniques to eradicated disease - - 15
User friendly/economic ways to disinfect tools (e.g.,
natural biocides) - - 15
Clarify/validate best-bet for dealing with BXW
infections (i.e., cut down or uproot) - - 15
Survival of BXW in banana residues and ways to
accelerate decay - - 5
Surveillance / epidemiology 8
www.iita.org

16. Outputs
1. Current status of BBTD and BXW in east, central and southern Africa
reviewed and updated.
2. Increased awareness of threat posed by BBTD and BXW and of possible
strategies for regional, national and local action.
3. Resolution from participants of the workshop on the need for immediate and
broadened action to tackle the problem of BBTD and BXW.
4. Proposal for national and regional actions on short, medium and long term
needs for managing BXW and BBTD management.
Contd…
www.iita.org

17. Outputs
5. Priority Research needs itemized.
6. Guidelines for surveillance and international and intra-national quarantine.
7. Surveillance protocol for BXW and BBTV
8. Website on BBTD among national and international partners on fighting the
threat of BBTD; and existing website on BXW expanded to incorporate
additional partners.
9. Assessment impact of BXW (in Uganda) and BBTD (in Malawi) on Musa
production and livelihoods.
10. Workshop proceedings (in preparation)
www.iita.org

18. www.iita.org