Adding value to research through integrated crop-livestock (C/L) research
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Presentation during IITA R4D week 2015 (23 - 27 Nov. 2015).
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Adding value to research through integrated crop-livestock (C/L) research
- 1. www.iita.orgA member of CGIAR consortium Adding value to research through integrated crop- livestock (C/L) research 23 November 2015 (R4D Week 2015)
- 2. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Adding value to research through integrated crop-livestock (C/L) research
- 3. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org • Why - add value……? • How - can value be added…? • Way forward….future plans…? • Challenges…..of adding value….? Outline
- 4. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org • Crop-livestock farmers make up about 60- 75% of the rural poor • Contribution of livestock: • Systems intensification and sustainability • Food and nutrition security • Household income • Nutrient cycling • Add value crop residues Why integrated C/L research
- 5. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Livestock Systems Crop- livestock Systems Sole Systems Rangeland based Landless Rainfed annual crops-livestock Rainfed tree crops-livestock Irrigated crops-livestock Pastoral Fattening, Peri-urban dairy Why integrated C/L research: crop residues
- 6. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Importance of crop residues •Food and feed - security •Source of income •Influence adoption •Construction •Soil conservation •Nutrient cycling
- 7. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org 1. Crops/Tree/Veg. 3.Livestock 2. Soil/Land 1. Crop 2. Soil 3. Livestock 4. Crop Soil 5. Crop Livestock√ 6. Soil Livestock√ 7. Crop Soil Livestock√ 4 5 6 7 Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems
- 8. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Nitrogen fertilizer (kg/ha) Sheep density/ha 0 60 90 0 1.13 1.56 1.65 200 1.67 2.15 2.48 400 1.78 2.71 2.54 s.e. 0.088 P-value 0.009 Sheep stocking and N fertilizer effect on maize grain yield
- 9. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Cowpea population Fecal N Fecal P (x1000) (g/kg) (mg/kg) 0 15.6c 17.7c 40 18.7a 19.8b 80 17.5b 23.9a 160 16.8b 23.4a Cowpea population in maize:cowpea cropping affects manure quality
- 10. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 ADG,g/day 0 100 200 300 400 Cowpea hay, g/day Local ICSV111 Sorghum variety and cowpea supplementation effects on sheep growth
- 11. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Adding value: food-feed crop evaluation scheme Stage1 Stage 2 Stage 3 Lines = > 50 Plot size= 4x4 m Plants = 5 - 20 Plots = 10m x10m Lines = 3 – 5 Plot size=20x 20m Crop •Yield-grain •Stover yield •Harvest index Crop •Adaptation •Yield-grain •Disease/pest •Flowering •Morphology Crop •Yield-grain •Stover-yield •Stocking rate Livestock •Leaf:stem •Crude protein •Fiber (NDF) •Digestibility Livestock •Digestibility •Weight gain •Intake/manure •Gain/hectare Livestock •Leaf:stem •Digestibility
- 12. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Neutral detergent fibre Acid detergent fibre Cellulose Insoluble minerals Soluble minerals Insoluble lignin Soluble lignin Lignin Hemicellulose Sugar Starch PectinNitrogen-free extracts Crude protein Crude fibre Protein Non-protein N Ether extracts Ash Ether extracts Proximate components Chemical fraction Van Soest fraction Cell contents Adding value – crop residue quality and use
- 13. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Digestible Dry Matter (DDM) = 88.9 – (0.79 x % ADF) Dry Matter Intake (DMI) = 120 / %NDF Relative Feed Value (RFV) = (%DDM x %DMI) / 1.2 Adding value – additional data collection Total Digestible Nutrients (TDN) = 88.9 - (0.79 x ADF%)
- 14. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org 1. Crops/Tree/Veg. 3.Livestock 2. Soil/Land 1. Crop 2. Soil 3. Livestock 4. Crop Soil 5. Crop Livestock√ 6. Soil Livestock√ 7. Crop Soil Livestock√ 4 5 6 7 Research focus Looking into the future
- 15. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org • C/L research interest group • Review past and current C/L research • Recommend possible C/L activities • Design implement C/L Recommendations
- 16. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org • Science • Defining a health balance between crop, soil, livestock and crop-livestock research. • Coordinating the delivery of expected outputs. • Experimental designs and additional data. • Partnership • Building and managing multi-institutional and multi-disciplinary research teams. Challenges
- 17. International Institute of Tropical Agriculture – Institut international d’agriculture tropicale – www.iita.org Thank You