THEME – 5 FRUIT GENETIC RESOURCES FACING INCREASING CLIMATE UNCERTAINITY
1. FRUIT GENETIC RESOURCES
FACING INCREASING CLIMATE
UNCERTAINITY
Saddoud Dabbebi O., Mnasri S., Abdelaali S. and Mars M.
olfa.lf@gmail.com
2. National Gene Bank of Tunisia
Place: Tunis
Inaugurated: November 2007
Gene Bank Network: 9 groups
Cereals
Forages
Fruit trees
Vegetables
Forest
Medicinal
Animals
Microorganisms
Marine genetic resources
3. National Gene Bank of Tunisia
Main activities:
Conservation of available genetic resources
Genetic resources collection
Scientific research
Information
Building capacity
International cooperation
5. Tunisia strategies and climate changes
Tunisia has ratified the framework convention
of United Nations on Climate Changes
(CCNUCC) on 1993 and Kyoto protocol on
2003
Efforts were more aimed to mitigation than
adaptation (opportunities to carbon market
and international cooperation)
Tunisia has developed its own Natioanl
Strategy on Climate Change on 2012
6. Strategy aims
Mitigation
Law on energy and climate (aims to – 60% carbon
on 2030)
Proactive policy
Adaptation
Capacity building
Research
Management plan are tailored to reduce the
vulnerability of coastal sea level rise
Less water-intensive agriculture
8. Study case: Oasis vulnerability to climate
change
Southern Tunisia will be the most
vulnerable:
A rise in temperature and decrease in rainfall
Prediction of average warming to 1.9 ° C by
2030 and 2.7 ° C by 2050
A decrease in precipitation of 9% in 2030 and
17% in 2050
GIZ, 2012
9. Effets of climate change to Oasis
Increased water needs of crops
Continuing decline in the static level of drilling,
increased salinity and increased water pumping.
Progressive elevation of sea level favoring the
intrusion of seawater into groundwater in coastal
oasis
Risk of non hibernation for demanding tree
species in cold and therefore a decline in their
production
Phenomenon already observed for the
pomegrenate in Gabes
Drying dates following the succession of hot
days
Deterioration of plant health of trees
Decrease on tourism GIZ, 2012
10. Vulnerability of Islands
Kerkennah: fragmentation
of the archipelago to more
islands (about 30% of the
total area is exposed to
marine erosion).
Djerba Island: more than
3400ha of wetlands on the
island are threatened by
erosion (in marine areas
Rmal and Ras-el-Bin
ouedien)
11. National program on protection on costal
areas
Djerba
Sousse
Gulf of Tunis
Raf Raf
12. Fruit Trees Genetic Resources are not in
shelters
Climate change effects
Intensive agriculture (introduced and
commercial variety)
Biotic and abiotic stresses
Genetic erosion
13. Fruit trees genetic resources in Tunisia
Long tradition on Fruit trees cultivation
Secondary center of domestication
More than 80% of the area are located in arid
and semi-arid regions (most vulnerable to
climate changes)
Landraces + Local best practices
Old introduced varieties
New improved varieties
14. Fruit trees genetic resources in Tunisia
Economic Ecological
Social Cultural
Importance
15. Fruit trees species
(more than 36 species)
Olea europea
Phoenix dactylifera
Prunus dulcis, P. armeniaca, P.
avium, P. domestica, …
Malus communis, M. pyrus
Vitis vinifera
Citrus sinensis, C. reticultat,
C.limon, C. aurantium,
C.grandis,…
Ficus carica
Punica granatum
Pistacia vera
Morus alba, M.nigra
Opuntia ficus indica
Ceratonia siliqua
18. Inventory
Species Number of collection
Olive 14
Citrus 2
Date palm 6
Almond 4
Peach 3
Abricot 3
Apple 1
Pear 4
Vine 4
Pistachio 4
Pomegranate 3
Fig 5
19. (Ficus carica L.)
Moracea, genus Ficus, Gynodioecious (2n = 26)
The oldest fruit crop known (grown 11,400 to
11,200 years ago as a gynodioecious and insect
pollinated species (KISLEV et al. 2006).
Vegetative reproduction
Ecotypes called common figs (unisexual female
trees) and caprifigs (bisexual with functional
male trees).
This fruit crop is wide spread in the
mediterranean basin countries since it is well
adapted either to different soils or climates.
It is old settled in Tunisia and well adapted to
diverse conditions, soils and to climate change.
24. Molecular characterization
SSR
A total of 58 alleles and 124 genotypes were
revealed and permitted to evidence high
degree of genetic diversity mainly explained
at the intra group level
Saddoud O. et al., 2007 Heriditas
25. Cluster analysis based on genetic distances proved that a typical
continuous genetic diversity characterizes the local germplasm
27. Conclusion
Morphological and pomological analysis can provide
reliable information on the variability in fig tree.
The overall analysis of all traits brings out a wide
diversity in plant material that may have important
implications for genetic resources management.
The domestication of fig tree occurred independently in
different areas especially around the edge of the
Mediterranean.
Thus, it is very interesting to conduct the proper
management of these genetic resources.
This can be addressed by different tools such as the
establishment of ex situ collections. The on-farm
conservation can ensure the sustainability of these
resources.
28. Actions related to this scope
7 au 8 juin 2012 à Tunis: workshop 'funding
climate' organized by GIZ and ODI of 7 to 8 June
2012 in Tunis
21-22 November 2012: Member of the scientific
committee of the international seminar organized
by the INGREF and BNG on Impact of global
change on forest genetic resources and pastoral
Mediterranean
2012: Member of national committee for
elaboration of national strategy on climate
changes
29. Project in relation with this scope
COOPERATION TUNISIA-ITALY: Protection of
Environment ‘ Tunisian Phytogenetic resources
more conserved and valorized’
Projet on ‘Sustainable management of oasis
ecosystems in Tunisia’
Proposal for financement by International
Traetyon plant genetic resources for food and
agriculture (Benefit sharing fund):
Conservation, valorisation et utilisation durable des
cultivars locaux de Citrus face aux changements
climatiques en Tunisie, au Maroc et au Liban