1. IAU International Conference, 25-26 June 2010, Vilnius, Lithuania
Ethics and values in Higher Education in
the Era of Globalisation: What role for the disciplines?
The business of bioscience
Dzulkifli Abdul Razak, vc@usm.my
Universiti Sains Malaysia
&Values
http://thetechnologicalcitizen.com/
© DAR 2010 http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/sci_tech/760921.stm
http://www.nature.com/genomics/human/

2. Towards a Bio-Era
Towards a Bio-Era
-erra
a
e
Biio -
Bo
Age of Biology - Naisbitt
Increasing competition
(1990) Megatrend 2000 Biotechnology
era
IT
era
Technological
era
Hot 21st
Agricultural Spots
Primitive era century
era & future
650 1750 1950 2000
© DAR 2010 Modified from Richard W Oliver, The shape of things to come

3. The Bio-era?
farm2.static.flickr.com/1331/1372603083_4c593..
loupiote.com
dpchallenge.com
© DAR 2010 World's Largest Wooden Wind Spinning Helix

4. • BIOethics deals with ethical issues
arising in the fields of health care, medicine
and biology. It may include issues that arise in:
delivering health care
(e.g., decision-making at the end of life)
promoting health
(e.g. funding preventative vs. acute care)
conducting health research
(e.g., gene therapy, informed consent), and
the relationship between people and the natural
environment (e.g. genetically modified foods)
An ethical issue arises in any situation in which people
face choices about how to act that will have an impact
on others.
© DAR 2010

5. …the
Is treatment?
that... right…
CODE OF
BANKER
ETHICS
© DAR 2010

6. A set of principles and values
that govern behaviour to
accord with a notion of
morality.
www.jansen.com.au/Dictionary_DF.html
A system of moral principles,
rules and standards of conduct.
© DAR 2010 atlantisoracle.com/Screen3.htm www.bthurston.com/Real_Estate_Dictionary/page_644889.html

7. Codes and Guidelines
1949 - International Code
of Medical Ethics
of the World Medical
Association
1964 - Declaration of Helsinki
1998 - Human Genetic Commission
2002 - Council for International
Organizations of Medical Sciences:
International ethical guidelines for
biomedical research involving
Human subjects, and the WHO
© DAR 2010

8. UNESCO adopts Universal Declaration
on Bioethics and Human Rights
• 20 October 2005 – Beyond the well-established principles
of informed consent and confidentiality, social
responsibility, including improved access to quality
health care, figures high in a new Universal Declaration
on Bioethics and Human Rights, adopted by the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
(UNESCO).
• …the proliferation of practices that go beyond national
borders, often without a regulatory framework such as
biomedical research projects carried out simultaneously in
different countries and the importing and exporting of
embryos, stem cells, organs, tissue and cells.
• The first principle established by the Declaration is
the respect of human dignity and human rights,
emphasizing the priority of the interests and welfare
of the individual over the sole interest of science or
society.
© DAR 2010 http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=16296&Cr=UNESCO&Cr1=Bioethics

9. The ‘Business’ of Bioscience
© DAR 2010 www.piperreport.com/archives/categories/15.html

10. Publish or
Perish!
© DAR 2010 (modified) www.nearingzero.net/thumbnail/nz089.jpg

11. "I was blinded by work and
my drive for achievement."
KIM KYUNG-HOON / REUTERS
Dr Hwang Woo-suk leaves his office, SNU Somatic cell nuclear transfer technique
– Dec 2005 used by Hwang in his research
© DAR 2010 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang_Woo-suk

12. © DAR 2010

13. © DAR 2010

14. © DAR 2010

15. © DAR 2010

16. © DAR 2010

17. (10 July 2005)
• U.S. Fielded Record 274 Scientific Misconduct
Complaints Last Year, 50 Percent More Than in 2003 -
by M Mendoza (AP)
• US Department of Health and Human Services received
274 complaints 50 percent higher than 2003…
• Research suggests this is but a small fraction of all the
incidents of fabrication, falsification and plagiarism.
• In a survey published June 9 in the journal Nature, about
1.5 percent of 3,247 researchers who responded
admitted to falsification or plagiarism. (One in three
admitted to some type of professional misbehavior.)
• [It] tells a story of …struggle with power, lies and the
crushing pressure of academia.
© DAR 2010 http://www.spinwatch.org/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1265

18. © DAR 2010

19. Today,
the ethics of education is
no different from the ethics
of the marketplace
The new ‘education’
Factual content
+commercialism
+marketisation
-ethics/integrity
marketable
UNIVER ITY
(moving up the ‘v
$ degree
alue’ chain!)
(modified)
© DAR 2010 www.solidarity.com/.../images/huckvoucher1.gif

20. …up the ‘value’ chain…
© DAR 2010 http://www.cartoonwork.com/archive/CEO/Cut-Ethics.gif

21. © DAR 2010

22. Jeffrey E Garten
Dean, Yale School of Management
…I frequently asked by
people outside the
university…whether
business schools were
doing enough to instill
the right values in their
students. My answer:
“..not nearly far enough.”
BusinessWeek, Sept 5/12, 2005, p. 87
© DAR 2010

23. B-Schools: Only a C+ in Ethics
BusinessWeek, Sept 5/12, 2005, p. 87
“Enron’s former chief financial officer, Andrew
Fastrow, would likely have turned out to be a
bad apple no matter what he was taught in
graduate school…That kind of character
must be developed much earlier than the
typical age of a B-school student, about 27.”
- Jeffrey E Garten, Juan Trippe professor,
Dean, Yale School of Management
© DAR 2010

24. What is missing?
Ethics
Ethics
UNSUSTAINABLE EDUCATION
© DAR 2010

25. Harvard Rules: The Struggle for the
Soul of the World's Most Powerful
University (2005)
University Inc.
The Corporate Corruption
Of Higher Education (2005)
Universities in the Marketplace:
The Commercialization of Higher Education (2003)
Winner of 2003 "Silver" Frandson Award for Literature in Higher Education
© DAR 2010 Winner of Alice L. Beeman Research Award in Communications for Educational Advancement

26. John Phillips creator of “Earth Journey” course
at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business since 2000
In our own evolutionary
journey, the human species has
attained godlike power. We are
no longer just a species among
species. We now have this
macrophasic power, driven by
microphasic, biological strategies.
But if we don't step back and
use our intelligence for self reinvention, we
will become like the cancer that kills its host.
© DAR 2010 http://www.earthlight.org/essay42_cosmology.html
EarthLight Magazine #42, Summer 2001

27. ethical
Warning: Time for an change
Warning
I must realign the
I need a new
values and ethical worldview
priorities in education
ethics
(modified)
© DAR 2010

28. Transformative Education
• Our university today flounder for want of a
larger and more comprehensive context. Having
no adequate larger context in which to function,
our higher educational institutions operate
within a splintered and fractionated world view.
• One of the most common solutions to this
vacuum is in the reinstatement of past forms
of humanistic studies in a core curriculum,a
curriculum which includes philosophy, ethics,
history, literature, religious studies and
some general science.
E O’Sullivan (2001) Transformative Learning – Educational
© DAR 2010 Vision for the 21st Century (London: Zed Books), p. 93.

29. © DAR 2010

30. Acknowledgement
& Disclaimer
This presentation and the opinions expressed are those of the author as
of the date of writing and are subject to change. It has been prepared
solely for purposes of education, information and discussion by the
recipients. Any reference to past data/indicators are not necessarily a
guide to the present and future. The information and analysis contained in
this publication have been compiled or arrived at from sources believed to
be reliable, and are duly acknowledged. The author does not make any
representation as to their accuracy or completeness and does not accept
liability for any loss arising from the use hereof.
Neither this document nor any copy thereof may be sent to or taken into
territories/places where the use and the distribution may be restricted by
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This document may not be reproduced either in whole, or in part, without
the written permission of the author
© DAR 2007-2010
© DAR 2010