Reduce GHG Emissions by 40% in Manila, Philippines by 2030
1.
2. The Philippines commits to a projected GHG
emissions reduction of
75 %
for the period 2020-2030
ur journey for a better planet ~
Paris Agreement
Rio Earth Summit
Kyoto Protocol
2.71%
unconditional
72.29%
conditional
1.5°
C
2
4. The national urban annual growth rate is 3.45%, much higher than the annual
population growth rate of 2.28%
city with the highest population
density in the world
Manila
most populous city in the Philippines
2nd
4
5. Increasing urban heat
island phenomenon
Manila City emerged as having a very high heat health risk index (HHRI) in a
study by Estoque et al., 2020
Increasing
population
Increasing
GHG emissions
5
6. CO2
CO2 emissions by sector,
Philippines
CO2
Share in energy related CO2 emissions from transport sector,
Philippines
Source: Enerdata, 2020; climate-transparency.org
Opportunity to electrify transport sector, whilst
decarbonising the electricity sector
6
7. Unplanned urbanization and growth
High population density
Land use changes
Extreme floods, storms
Solid waste problem
Water quality problem
Air pollution
Unchecked GHG emissions
Key Issues in Manila
Average annual mean temperature is
projected to increase by 1.7°C - 3.0°C by
2050 in Philippines
climate change associated risks
7
8. Urban Design Transport Sector
Target GHG emissions
Reduce GHG emissions by 40% in Manila by 2030
8
9. Stakeholders Possible contribution/s to the project
Schools and Universities • Conducting research for best practices, development of sustainable urban design/ landscape
• Providing a workshop/ training on sustainable development and urban design
Non-Government
Organizations
• Forging partnership between the communities, the government, private businesses, and
other stakeholders
• Encouraging citizen participation during tree planting or cleaning programs
• Providing resources (manpower, equipment, funding) to develop a “greener” community
Government agencies • Implementing policies for eco urban design and development
• Funding
• Encouraging cooperation between public and private corporations
• Development of green spaces, resilient infrastructure, greening of buildings
Private sector • Cooperation between public and private corporations
• Providing resources (manpower, equipment, funding) to develop a “greener” community
Public • Active participation in activities and programs (surveys, tree planting, clean-up drives, etc.)
Urban Design
9
10. Stakeholders Possible contribution/s to the project
Schools and Universities • Develop applications for traffic and transport monitoring
• Developing EV-based mobile transport
Non-Government
Organizations
• Increasing engagement on social media
• Expansion of EV-based mobile transport by providing funding for its development
• Develop applications for traffic and transport monitoring
Government agencies • Establishment of policies and plans for the transport sector, funding
• Cooperation between public and private transport companies
• Development of fundamental infrastructure for transportation
• Expansion of EV-based mobile transport
Private sector • Cooperation between public and private transport companies
• Expansion of EV-based mobile transport
Public • Active participation (surveys, promote use of public transport, walking/ cycling culture, etc.)
* Intergovernmental organizations (IGO) : The United Nations as a stakeholder: Aid in training, policy making, funding (Green Climate Fund)
Transport Sector
10
11. Reduce GHG emissions by 40% in Manila by 2030
Target areas: Urban design and Transport
• Stakeholder identification
and engagement
• Policy making
• Awareness programs
• Capacity building
• Transfer of technology
• Finance acquisition
• Market mechanism
• Monitoring, evaluation,
reporting & verification
• Continued awareness
programs
• Infrastructural changes,
expansion of EV based public
transport
• Framework review
• Public survey
• Continued capacity building,
awareness programs
• Making
progress/achievements public
2023
2024
2025
11
12. GHG emissions
reduced by 40% in
Manila !
• Positive behavioural changes in
communities
• Transformed infrastructure
• Expanded public transport
• Making progress/achievements
public
2027
2030
Reduce GHG emissions by 40% in Manila by 2030
Target areas: Urban design and Transport
12
13. • Identify potential stakeholders: government, private companies, NGOs, academic institutions, general public, etc.
• Partnership and engagement of stakeholders: policy development training/ workshop
• Policy monitoring, evaluation and review:
o Data collection, analysis and future predictions, contributions to NDC
• Monitoring and maintenance:
o Monitoring Philippine Green Building Code is followed and adapted by companies and residential
condominiums
o Maintenance of introduced infrastructure
o GHG emissions check via green tax, GHG emission trading
• R&D collaborations:
o On EVs to reduce the costs and increase performance
o On disaster resilient buildings/ structures
o On nature-based solutions and urban design/ landscaping 13
14. • Funding:
o Fund acquisition from public/ private sector, Green Climate Fund
o Subsiding EVs, eco-buildings
• International collaborations:
o Adopting best practices from other countries which can be replicated in Manila
o Training and workshops with experts
• Infrastructural changes:
Expanding public transport, building bicycle lanes, green spaces, retrofitting buildings, greening of buildings, etc.
• Public engagement:
o Creation of web portal for public to monitor progress
o Partnering with local communities to promote citizen participation through survey and training
o Providing rewards to communities that promote and engage in eco-activities
o Promote sustainable development via education, training, TV, radio, and social media
14
15. • Liveable eco-friendly city
• More people will have access to disaster resilient
infrastructure
• More people will have access to green
recreational spaces
• Convenient & fast public transportation system
• More people will use Electronic Vehicles
• More people will use bicycles/ walk
• Improved air quality
Outputs Outcomes
Urban Design
• Established master plan of Manila city in order to enhance
liveability ( green building, green space for recreation) inline
with ‘City Development Strategy’
• Established building codes for the safety and varied house
options
• Disaster resilient infrastructure
• Smart eco-friendly city
Transport Sector
• Established policies and plans for transport sector including
traffic/ pedestrian safety reforms.
• Fundamental Infrastructure ( pedestrian/bicycler friendly
lanes, charging stations for EVs, etc)
• Apps for traffic and public transport monitoring
• Expansion of EV based public transport, increased
accessibility
15
16. Outputs Outcomes
Public Awareness & Engagement
• Education for sustainable development
• Radio/TV programmes for climate change and its impact on
cities
• Increased engagement on social media on sustainable
lifestyles
• Public awareness campaigns for net zero, sustainable
lifestyle
o Virtual (Social media: YouTube, Facebook, Instagram,
TikTok)
o Face to face/ on the ground (Reward system, story telling
for children, publications for senior citizens, etc.)
• Public engagement in policy making
• Positive behavioural changes in public with
respect to sustainable consumerism
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17. • Slum/ urban infrastructure transformation
• Public interest in EVs
• Expansion of public transport infrastructure
• Public interest in sustainability
• Funding
• Outreach and awareness, area-wise
rehabilitation
• Subsidies / zero-interest loans on EVs
• Clear demarcation of area expansion, step-
wise implementation
• Creative education and awareness
campaigns, reward system, encouraging
participating communities
• International aid, government budgeting
17
18. A governing body is established to monitor and evaluate progress and review the
implemented policies based on their performance against the different indicators.
Monitoring
Half-yearly
Evaluation
Annual
Policy review
Biannual
Governing
body
18
19. • SDG targeted indicators
o 11.1.1 Proportion of urban population living in slums, informal settlements or inadequate
housing
o 11.2.1 Proportion of population that has convenient access to public transport, by sex, age
and persons with disabilities
o 13.2.2 Total greenhouse gas emissions per year
o 13.3.1 Extent to which (i) global citizenship education and (ii) education for sustainable
development are mainstreamed in (a) national education policies; (b) curricula; (c) teacher
education; and (d) student assessment
Indicators
Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 19
20. National Climate Change Action Plan, 2011-2028, Republic of the Philippines
Indicators
• No. of government institutions, centres of excellence and climate change resource centres linked to a
national web-based climate change information hub
• No. of local communities accessing climate change information hub engaging in the city
decarbonization activities
• No. of public transport projects achieving transit-oriented development (TOD)
• Proportion of the population using EVs/ public transportation/ bicycles based on app data
• No. of critical local infrastructures assessed and retrofitted
• Percentage increase in city greening area
• No. of public/ private bodies complying with GHG emissions reporting requirement
• Percentage increase in new investments
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