- LAN switching operates at layers 2, 3, and 4 of the OSI model. Layer 2 switching provides hardware-based bridging and low latency. Layer 3 switching determines paths based on logical addressing. Layer 4 switching allows prioritizing data traffic by application for quality of service. - Fast Ethernet provides data transmission at 100 megabits per second, compared to regular Ethernet which transmits at 10 megabits per second. Fast Ethernet uses category 5 or higher cables and a switch architecture. - Ethernet operates at the data link and physical layers of the OSI model. The MAC sublayer prepares data for transmission and the LLC sublayer provides independence from physical hardware and communicates with upper layers.

1. SWITCHED LAN, FAST ETHERNET,
FAST ETHERNET AND LAYER
MODEL

2. PRESENTER
HAMNA SHAHZAD

3. LAN SWITCHING
 LAN switching is a form of packet switching used in LAN.
 Switching Tech. is crucial in network design.
 Switching included on layer 2, layer 3 and layer 4.
 Layer 2 switching include:
 Hardware based bridging.
 Wire speed/non blocking forwarding.
 Low latency rate.
 Layer 2 switching is highly efficient used for workgroup connectivity.

4. LAN SWITCHING ON LAYER 3
 Layer 3 switching perform following action:
 Determine path based on logical addressing
 Process and informs to any option info.
 Update SNMP.
 Provide security.
 Flow accounting/ flow control.
 Quality of service.
 Low latency.

5. LAN SWITCHING ON LAYER 4
 Layer 4 switching provide additional datagram inspection by reading the port numbers found in transport
layer header to make transport decision.
 The largest benefit of is that network admin. configure a layer 4 switch to priorities data traffic by
applications which means Quality of Service can be defined for each user.

6. FAST ETHERNET
 Fast Ethernet is a local area network (LAN) transmission standard that provides a data rate of 100 megabits
per second (referred to as "100BASE-T").
 Fast Ethernet cards connect to networks at a rate of 100 Mbps. Mbps while Gigabit network cards can
connect at speeds up to 1000mb/s.
 The main difference between the two is speed.
 A fast Ethernet card can run on bandwidths at 100mb/s while a gigabit Ethernet can run at ten times that
speed.
 Ethernet is the most widely installed local area network (LAN) technology. Ethernet is a link layer protocol in
the TCP/IP stack, describing how networked devices can format data for transmission to other network
devices on the same network segment, and how to put that data out on the network connection

7. What is the best Ethernet cable?
 If you have a modern router and modern Ethernet-enabled devices, you can get faster speeds — up to 10
Gb/s from 1 Gb/s — by using Cat-6 or Cat-6a cables instead of Cat-5 or Cat-5e cables. The rest of your
hardware has to support it, but you won't get those above 1 Gb/s speeds unless you have good enough
cables.
 It may be full duplex or half duplex depend upon type of network design.

8. 100 BASE T
 100 BASE T networks star topology used and UTP cable are also used.
 10BASE-T used Cat3 cabling. However, Cat5 or later cabling is typically used today.
 10 Mbps Ethernet is considered to be classic Ethernet
 Have two parts one for transmission one for receiving.
 It may be half duplex.

9. 100 BASE FX
 Also used star topology.
 Use fiber optic cable.
 Although the encoding, decoding, and clock
recovery procedures are the same for both
media, the signal transmission is different -
electrical pulses (100BASE TX) in copper and
light pulses(100BASE FX) in optical fiber.
 Have two parts one for transmission one for
receiving.
 It may be full duplex.
 Segment length 200m.
100 BASE TX
 Also used star topology.
 UTP copper cable category 5.
 The 4B/5B encoding is used for 100BASE-TX
Ethernet.
 Category 5 convert data into signals.
 However, unlike 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX networks
typically use a switch at the center of the star
instead of a hub.
 Have two parts one for transmission one for
receiving.
 Segment length 100m.

10. FAST ETHERNET AND
LAYER MODEL
 Ethernet operates in the lower two layers of
the OSI model:
 The Data Link layer and the Physical layer.

11. FAST Ethernet - Layer 1 and Layer 2
 All Fast Ethernet variants use a star topology.
 Fast Ethernet at Layer 1 involves signals, bit streams that travel on the media, physical components
that put signals on media, and various topologies.
 Fast Ethernet Layer 1 performs a key role in the communication that takes place between devices, but
each of its functions has limitations.
 Ethernet separates the functions of the Data Link layer into two distinct sublayers: the Logical Link
Control (LLC) sublayer and the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer
 Fast Ethernet at Layer 2 addresses these limitations.

12. CONT….
 The Data Link sublayers contribute
significantly to technological compatibility
and computer communications.
 The MAC sublayer is concerned with the
physical components that will be used to
communicate the information and prepares
the data for transmission over the media.
 The Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer
remains relatively independent of the
physical equipment that will be used for the
communication process.

13. Logical Link Control - Connecting to the Upper
Layers
 For Ethernet, the IEEE 802.2 standard describes the LLC sublayer functions, and the 802.3 standard
describes the MAC sublayer and the Physical layer functions.
 Logical Link Control handles the communication between the upper layers and the networking software,
and the lower layers, typically the hardware.
 The LLC sublayer takes the network protocol data, which is typically an IPv4 packet, and adds control
information to help deliver the packet to the destination node.
 Layer 2 communicates with the upper layers through LLC. LLC is implemented in software, and its
implementation is independent of the physical equipment.
 In a computer, the LLC can be considered the driver software for the Network Interface Card (NIC).

14. MAC - Getting Data to the Media
 Media Access Control (MAC) is the lower Ethernet sublayer of the Data Link
layer. Media Access Control is implemented by hardware, typically in the
computer Network Interface Card (NIC).
 The Ethernet MAC sublayer has two primary responsibilities:
 Data Encapsulation
 Media Access Control

15. ETHERNET ON PHYSICAL
LAYER
 As a technology associated with the Physical layer,
Ethernet specifies and implements encoding and
decoding schemes that enable frame bits to be carried
as signals across the media.
 Ethernet devices make use of a broad range of cable
and connector specifications.
 Ethernet uses UTP copper cables and optical fiber to
interconnect network devices via intermediary devices
such as hubs and switches.

16. Thank You!