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Insect classification lab23
1. University of Sulaimania
School of Science
Department of Biology
2nd Class Year
23r d La b.
Pterygotes - Neopteran Insects:
Order Diptera
Lecturer: Farhad A. Khudhur
2. Objectives:
- This lecture gives knowledge about the medically and
ecologically important insect group (order Diptera),
Mosquitoes and flies. Their classifications and
identification keys.
- Focusing on the most common and important families
of dipteran insects.
Scientific content:
Order Diptera
- General descriptions
- Classification:
Suborder: Nematocera
Suborder: Brachycera
3. Suborders Nematocera and Brachycera
⢠In nematocerous families, the antennae are
usually composed of many segments and are
filiform, plumose, or pectinate
⢠whereas brachycerous flies typically have the
first flagellomere enlarged and the remaining
flagellomeres stylate or aristate
⢠The mouthparts of adult flies are vestigial or well
developed of two general types:
â (1) piercing and sucking, as seen in simuliids, culicids,
and asilids, and
â (2) lapping and sucking (Sponging), as seen in
tipulids and most brachycerous groups.
⢠Pupa: Most brachyceran have puparim
(Coactate), while nematocerance have different
forms of pupae (some groups have obtect pupa
or coma shape pupa).
4. Dipterans Larvae
⢠Larval Diptera are legless (apodous) and found in
a variety of terrestrial and aquatic habitats.
⢠Most larvae are free-living and crawl or swim
actively in:
â water (e.g., Simuliidae, Culicidae, Chironomidae)
â sediments (e.g.,Tipulidae, Psychodidae, Tabanidae),
â wood (e.g., Tipulidae),
â fruit (e.g., Drosophilidae),
â decaying organic material (Muscidae, Sarcophagidae).
⢠Other larvae inhabit the tissues of living organisms
(e.g., Oestridae).
22. References:
⢠David, B. V. and Ananthakrishnan, T. N. (2004). General
and Applied Entomology. 2nd ed. Tata McGraw-hill
Publishing Co. Ltd. New Delhi. India. 1184 p.
⢠Elzinga, Richard J. (1997). Fundamentals of Entomology.
4th ed. New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 475 pp.
⢠Gillot, Cedric. (2005). Entomology. 3rd ed. Springer,
Dordrecht. The Netherlands. 831 pp.
⢠Grzimekâs Animal Life Encyclopedia, 2nd edition. Volume
3, Insects, edited by Michael Hutchins, Arthur V. Evans,
Rosser W. Garrison.
⢠Markle, Sandra. (2008). Mosquitoes: tiny insect
troublemakers. Minneapolis, USA. Lerner Publications
Company. 48 p.
⢠Resh, Vincent H. & CardÊ, Ring T. (2003). Encyclopedia of
Insects. USA. Academic Press, Elsevier Science, 1266 pp.