Sorghum_seed_production

Commercial Seed
Production Technology
Seed and Field Standards of Sorghum
CMA 405
Presenting by
Guruprasad. A

Introduction
Sorghum is a genus of flowering plants in the grass family poaceae
The one species, Sorghum bicolor native to Africa with many cultivated forms now, is an
important crop worldwide, used for food (as grain and in Sorghum syrup and Molasses),
animal fodder the production of alcoholic bevarages, and biofuels. Most varieties are
drought - and heat-tolerant, and are especially important in arid regions, where the grain is
one of the staple food for poor and rural people. These varieties form important components
of pastures in many tropical regions. S. bicolor is an important food crop in central america
and africa and south asia, and is the fifth-most important cereal crop grown in the world.
Sorghum bicolor

Popular Hybrids and
varieties
Popular Hybrids in Karnataka
CSH 14, CSH 17
CSH 10, CSH 16, CSH 13, CSH 18,
CSH Co-ordinated sorghum Hybrid
Popular varieties in Karnataka
DSV 1, DSV 2, CSV 17
CSV 10, CSV 11, CSV 13, CSV 15, CSV 17, DSV 2, DSV 3
CSV Co-ordinated sorghum variety
DSV Dharwad sorghum variety

Quality Seed Production in
Sorghum Varieties
Objectives or Goals or Aims of Seed production
• Supply high quality seeds, means seeds of high
yielding varieties, varieties with resistance to
diseases and pests.
• To increase agricultural production by supply of
quality seed.
• To assure rapid seed multiplication of desirable
varieties.
• Timely supply of seeds, i.e. well before the sowing
season.
• Supply of seeds at reasonable prices.

• Land selected for sorghum seed production should have good
drainage facility so as to avoid water stagnation.
• Previous crop in the land should not be of any other variety of
sorghum.
• If it is of other variety or same variety of sorghum crop growth during
the previous season the seeds that might have fallen form the previous
crop should be allowed to germinate after irrigating the land.
• The germinated seedlings should be destroyed by ploughing
Land requirements
Field standards

Isolation distance
• Sorghum is an often crops pollinated crop having 50% cross
pollination. Isolation distance should be maintained so as to avoid
varietal contamination of seed.
• Isolation distance is the distance by which the seed crop is separated
from any other variety of the same crop

Optimum season
• Seed crop should be grown in appropriate season because
seasonal difference will affect the quality of the seed
• For quality seed production, dry and cool weather is more
favourable than hot and humid weather during panicle
emergence and seed development stage.
• Rains during seed maturation may cause seed discolouration
and ergot disease.
• For seed production, sowing may be done during June – July
and October – November seasons. Of these, October -
November is more conductive for quality seed production.

Seed selection
• Good quality seeds should be used to maintain the required crop stand.
Germination potential of the seed should be tested before sowing,
because crop performance and yield are decided by the crop stand
• All the expenditure incurred on the crop will be a waste, if the stand is
poor. Hence, it is better to know the germination level in the seed
sample before taking up sowing.
• Seeds with low germination will also be less vigorous and hence crop
growth is very much reduced. Seeds affected by sugary diseases
should be removed.
For sowing one hectare of land, 10 kg of seed is required. For certified
seed production, foundation seed should be sown.

Seed Hardening
• Seed hardening is a process or treatment by which plants growing from the hardened
seeds are capable of withstanding soil moisture stress
• Seeds are soaked in 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution for 10 hrs and
then dried back to original moisture
• Instead of chemicals, botanicals like Prosopis juliflora leaf extract (1%) can also be
used for hardening purpose.
• One kg of seeds are to be soaked in 600 ml of leaf extract for 16 hours. Hardened
seeds will have the ability to withstand drought during germination and plant growth.
Attention
• While hardening, seeds should be dried back to original moisture after

Formation of ridges and furrows
• After the basal application of fertilizers, ridges of six metre length are
formed at 45 cm distance. Seeds are sown with a spacing of 15 cm on one
side of the ridge

Fertilizer application
• After furrow formation, fertilizer should be applied uniformly in the furrow.
Fertilization
Micronutrient
• We know how important the fruits and vegetables are for the diet of human beings.
Similarly in addition to NPK fertilizers, micronutrients are also to be applied to the
seed crops
• For zinc deficient and iron deficient soils, 25 kg of ZnSO4 and 50 kg of FeSO4 have to
be applied respectively.

Irrigation Management
• According to the soil condition, irrigation is given once in 7 days or once in 10 days.
The following are the important stages in which drought should be avoided.

Weed Control
• From early stage onwards, sorghum field should be kept weed free.
For control of weeds, 500 g of Atrazine has to be sprayed on the soil
surface dissolved in 100 litre of water, three days after sowing
• One additional hand weeding should be given 30 to 35 days after
sowing.
Plant protection
• For quality seed production, seed crop should be protected from
pest and diseases. So recommended control measures for pest
and diseases should be followed.

What is offtypes?
• Plant or seed deviating significantly from the characteristics of a variety as
described by the breeder in any observed respect
Importance of removal of off types in quality seed production
• In order to maintain the genetic purity, seed crop should be isolated from other
sorghum crops of other varieties. In some sorghum fields some plants are either
taller or shorter than rest of the population
• Differences may also occur in shape and colour of the leaves, shape of panicle,
glume colour and flowering time. Plants showing such deviant features as
compared to varietal characters are called offtypes or rogue.
• here operations involving the removal of off-types is called as rouging. If the
offtype plant pollinates the normal plants, the genetic purity of the resultant seed
will be affected. Rouging operation at the following stage is to be carried out
Roughing plants in sorghum

Field inspections
A minimum of three inspections shall be made as follows
1) the first inspection shall be made before flowering in order to
verify isolation, volunteer plants and other relevent factors
2) the second inspection shall be made during flowering to check
isolation , off types and other relavant factors
3) the third inspection shall be made at maturity prior to be vesting
to verify true nature of plants and other relevent factors

Harvesting and threshing
Appropriate stage for harvest
•Harvesting should be done at appropriate stage. Sorghum crop should be
harvested from 40-45 days after 50% flowering. At this stage, moisture content will
be around 20-22 per cent, seeds will have black layer at the basal portion.
•Seed weight, germination and vigour would also be high. The seeds harvested
before harvestable maturity are immature and will shrink upon drying. Delayed
harvest results in lowering of seed yield and quality due to shattering loss, damage
due to insects and birds and seed blackening caused by pathogenic infections.
Seed yield
• Seed yield of 2000 kg ha-1 can be harvested.

Seed quality maintenance
•After the harvest, threshing and quality upgradation should be carried out.
Earhead threshing and drying
• The harvested earheads should be dried to bring down the seed
moisture content to 15-18 per cent. If the seed moisture is below 15%
then, seed injury may occur due to cracking and if the moisture content
is above 18% then there will be chance for occurrence of crushing
injuries.
• These mechanical injuries may affect the germination and vigour of the
seed besides paying way for fungal infection.
Drying
• Harvested seeds have to be dried immediately, otherwise, because of
internal heating, germination will be reduced when moisture content is
high. Seeds are to be dried to a moisture content of 10-12 per cent.

Seed Processing
• Seed processing is an operation by which all immature, wrinkled, broken
and small seeds as well as all physical impurities such as sand, stones,
dust, other crop sees and week seeds are removed. For processing
sorghum seeds, sieve of 9/64" diameter can be used so as to get uniform
size seeds.
Attention
• Seed crop should not be treated as grain crop. Processing machine should
be thoroughly cleaned before processing in order to avoid physical
contamination.
Seed moisture content
• If seed moisture is more, the germination ability of the seed will decrease. For
storage of one year, the seeds have to be dried to 12 per cent and longer
storage period it has to be dried below 8% moisture content and stored in
moisture vapour poof containers.

Storage methods
• Always, new bags have to be used for packing the seeds. Seeds are
hygoroscopic in nature which means they have the tendency to absorb
moisture from the atmosphere.
• In sea shore and deltoic areas where relative humidity of the atmosphere is
normally more, seeds stored in cloth or gunny bags, loose viability fast. In
such places, moisture vapour proof containers like polythene (700 guage
thickness) bags can be used.
Sorghum seed packed in 700 polybag
Attention
• Seed Moisture should be lowered below 8%, when the seeds are stored in
moisture vapour poof container. Otherwise they will deteriorate much faster.
• Direct contact of seed bags with the floor or wall is to be avoided. Seed bags
should be stacked above the wooden pallet. While stacking, number of bags
per row should not exceed 8, otherwise seeds in the lower bag will deteriorate
due to pressure.

Field standards for Varities
Contaminents
Foundation seed
Minimum
distance(meters)
Certified seed
Minimum
distance(meters)
Field of other varieties of grain and dual purpose
sorghum
200 100
Field of the same variety not conforming
To varietal purity requirements for certification
200 100
Johnson grass (Sorghum helepense) 400 400
Forage sorghum with high tillering and grassy
panicle
400 400

Specific requirements
Factor
Foundation seed
Maximum permitted
%
Certified seed
Maximum permitted
%
Off types in seed parent at any one inspection at
and after flowering
0.0050 0.10
Heads infected by kernel smut or grain smut and
head smut in seed parent at final inspection
0.0050 0.10

Quality seed production in
Sorghum Hybrids
Parental lines for some of the hybrids
• In sorghum hybrid seed production, cytoplasmic genetic male sterility system is employed.
Here, the female plants are male sterile and called as 'A' line plants.
• The male plants are called at 'R' line or Restore line since it restores the male fertility in
the F1 hybrid.
• In order to maintain the ‘A’ line plants, they are crossed with 'B' line or maintainer line
plants. 'B' line plants are fertile counterparts of ‘A’ line plants.
• They are isogenic to 'A' line plants in all features except male sterility

Seed rate
• Female parental line – 7.5 kg ha-1
• Male parental lines – 5 kg ha-1
Pre-sowing seed treatment
• Hybrid sorghum seeds can also be produced under rainfed condition. For that,
seeds should be infused with drought resistance by giving seed hardening
treatment.
Seed hardening
• Soak the seeds in 2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate for 10 hours and then
dry the seeds to the original moisture content.
• Alternately, botanicals like Prosopis juliflora can also be used for seed
hardening purpose Botanicals are also eco friendly. In this method, seeds are
soaked in 1% Prosopis leaf extract at seed to solution ratio of 1:0:6 for 16 hours
• Then the seeds are dreid to original moisture content. Dried seed scan be
pelleted with dried pungam leaf powder @ 500 gm per kg of seeds
• To facilitate the leaf powder to stick on the seeds, 10% maida solution can be
used as adhesive. The plants arising from hardened seeds will withstand
drought condition, if any, during the crop growth period

Season
• Hybrid sorghum seeds can also be produced under rainfed condition. For that,
seeds should be infused with drought resistance by giving seed hardening
treatment.
Spacing
• Before sowing, ridges and furrows with a spacing of 45 cm between the furrows
are formed.
• Sow the seeds at 1/3 height of the ridge form bottom with a plant to plant spacing
of 15 cm. Four numbers of border rows should be sown with male line seeds all
around the seed production field.
• Then, female and male line seeds are to be sown with a ratio of 5:2 which means
that five rows of female line should be alternated with two rows of male. This is
called planting ratio.
Border rows
• During hybrid seed production, four rows of male parental lines are to be grown
all around the field. They are called as border rows. The border rows will provide
pollen grains to the female plants.

Fertilizer application
• Fertilizers at the rate of 100:50:50 kg Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potash
are to be applied per ha. Of this, 50:50:50 kg of NPK is applied as basal.
First top dressing with 25 kg of N is to be applied after first weeding.
Second dose of 25 kg N can be given 45 days after sowing.
Micronutrient deficiency
If micronutrient deficiency occurs, not only the seed yield is reduced but also
the seed quality will be affected.
• Zinc sulphate at 25 kg per ha may be applied to the zinc deficient soils.
• For iron deficiency, 50 kg of ferrous sulphate with 12.5 tonnes of farm yard
manure is to be applied to the soil.
• During plant growth stags, intervenal chlorosis may occur due to iron
deficiency. For that, 0.5% ferrous sulphate should be applied as foliar
spray.

Roguing
• Roguing operation involves the removal of offtype plants from the seed
field.
• To maintain genetic purity, offtypes should be removed before flowering
stage.
• In a hybrid seed crop, it is important to carry out rouging both in male
and female rows.
• Besides this, some of the pollen shedding plants called as pollen
shedders should also be removed from the female rows.
Attention
• Pollen shedders have to be removed and carried away from the early
stages.
• For weed control, 200 gm Atrazine dissolved in 1000 litre of water for
one ha can be sprayed.
• After 30-35 days, hand weeding is necessary.

Field inspection
A minimum of four inspection shall be made as follows
1) the first inspection will be made before flowering in order to verify the isolation
volunteer plants, outcrosses, planting ratios, error in planting ratios and other
relevent factors
2) the second and third inspections shall be made during flowering to check
isolations, off types, pollen shredders and other relevent factors
3) the fourth inspection should made at maturity and prior to harvesting to verify
the true nature of plants and other relavent factors

Synchronisation of flowering
• Simultaneous flowering in both female and male plants is called as
synchronization of flowering.
• In sorghum hybrid seed production, the female line used is male sterile. For
fertilizing the flowers of the female line, pollen has to come from the male plants.
• If only the flowering in the female line coincides with the flowering in the male
line, proper pollination and seed set in the female are possible.

Panicle initiation in Sorghum
Methods to achieve synchronisation
Best method to achieve synchronisation is to stagger the sowing of parental lines
based on previous knowledge about the duration of flowering. Late parent should be
sown early and early parent late. In spite of this precaution, if a gap in flowering period
is predicted based on panicle initiation, then the following methods can be followed to
hasten the late parent or delay the early parent by 2 or 3 days
• The advancing parent has to be sprayed with 500 mg malic hydrazide in one litre of
water, 45 days after sowing. Maleic hydrazide will not dissolve in water, you have to
dissolve it in a little volume of sodium hydroxide and then make up the volume with
required quantity of water.
• 1% urea solution has to be sprayed on the late parent.
• One irrigation may be skipped for the advancing parent.
• Flowering can be delayed, by spraying CCC (Chloro choline chloride) at a
concentration of 300 ppm.
Attention
• High yield of hybrid seed can be obtained only when proper synchronization of
flowering occurs between the female and male plants.

Stage of harvest
• Harvest the crop 40-45 days after 50% flowering. At that time, seed
moisture would be around 25-30 per cent. A black layer will be visible at
the base of the seed is the visible symptom of seed maturity.
Harvesting
• First, the male rows including the border rows are to be harvested and the
earheads removed from the field. Then, harvest the female rows. Seeds
harvested from the female rows are the hybrid seeds.
Seed yield
• 1500 kg ha-1

Specific requirements
Factor
Foundation seed
Maximum permitted
%
Certified seed
Maximum permitted
%
Off types in seed parent at any one inspection at
and after flowering
0.0050 0.10
Off types in pollinator at any one inspection at and
after flowering
0.0050 0.10
Pollen shedding heads in seed parent at any one
inspection at flowering
0.0050 0.10
Heads infected by kernel smut or grain smut and
head smut in seed parent at final inspection
0.0050 0.10

Pure seed
Pure seed" means agricultural or vegetable seeds exclusive of inert matter, weed seeds, and all
other seeds distinguishable from the kind or kind and variety being considered, determined by
methods prescribed by rules and regulations adopted pursuant to the provisions of the ista
In sorghum varities it should be
1)In foundation seed it is 98%
2)In certified seed it is 98%
In sorghum hybrids it should be
Seed standards

Inert matter
"Inert matter" means all matter not seeds, and includes broken seeds, sterile florets, chafe"Inert
matter" means all matter not seeds, and includes broken seeds, sterile florets, chaff, fungus
bodies, and stones, determined by methods prescribed by rules and regulations adopted
pursuant to the provisions of the ista
rmined by methods prescribed by rules and regulations adopted pursuant to the provisions of
this article.
1)In foundation seed it is 2.0%
2)In certified seed it is 2.0%
1)In foundation seed it is 2.0%
2)In certified seed it is 2.0%

Other crop seeds
"Inert matter" means all matter not seeds, and includes broken seeds, sterile florets, chafethese
are the seeds of other crops which belonging to the other different species and other genus
this article.
1)In foundation seed 5/kg
2)In certified seed it is 10/kg
1)In foundation seed 5/kg

Weed seeds
"Inert matter" means all matter not seeds, and includes broken seeds, sterile florets, chafe
"Weed seed" includes the seeds or bulblets of any plant generally recognized as a weed in the
State, including any noxious weed seed
this article.
1)In foundation seed it is 5/kg

Other distinguishable varieties
these are the seeds of same speiceis but different variety grown in different season or different
places in same seasonthesd regulations adopted pursuant to the provisions of this article.

Infected seeds
ergot (claviceps spp),slerotia, seeds entirely or partially modified as slerotia , broken slerotia or
ergoted seed (sphacelia sorghi and claviceps spp)
1)In foundation seed it is .020%
2)In certified seed it is .040%
1)In foundation seed it is .020%
2)In certified seed it is .040%

Germination test
What is a Germination Test?
A germination test determines the maximum germination potential, or viability, of the seed.
Why do a Germination Test?
Because knowing the germination rate of a particular seed lot is key to understanding how well
that seed will perform in the field.
If your seed has a 90% germination rate, it means 90 out of 100 seeds are likely to germinate
under good growing conditions. You can use this information decide whether the seed you have
will produce a decent crop, calculate the best seeding rate, or whether the seed should be used
at all . As per the provisions of ista

Germination test
How is a Germination Test Done?
All accredited seed testing labs in Canada use germination test methods
approved by CFIA. Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
To conduct the test, 200 seeds are taken at random from the seed lot being
tested and evenly spaced on a blotter so they’re not touching, moistened then
left for a prescribed amount of time to imbibe and germinate.
At 20/20 Seed Labs, we ensure that all substrates, containers and moistening
agents are free from phytotoxic properties. Sand, soil and water are tested for
impurities and the pH value of water is monitored as well.
At the end of the test period, seedlings are evaluated and categorized as
follows*:
Seedlings germinate normally, showing they can produce useful mature plants
under favourable field conditions.
Seedlings that exhibit some form of growth, but don’t have enough plant
structures to maintain a healthy plant – such as missing roots or shoots

Germination test
Contd…
Fresh Seeds. Seeds that fail to germinate but have imbibed water. They appear
firm, fresh and capable of germination, but remain dormant.
Dormant Seeds. Viable seeds (other than hard seeds) that fail to germinate
under the test conditions.
Hard Seeds. Seeds with coats that are impermeable to water, so they stay hard
throughout the test period
Dead Seeds. Seeds that can’t produce any part of a seedling.
We include a diagnostic profile with germination test results. This outlines
symptoms noted in the seed lot like frost, chemical toxicity or injury, heating or
mechanical damage, the presence of pathogens or dormancy.

Germination test
1)In foundation seed it is75%

Moisture percentage
Calculation of moisture content
Calculate the moisture content on a wet-weight basis using the following
formula:
Moisture content (%) = W2 - W3 x 100 W2-W1
where,
W1 = weight of container with lid;
W2 = weight of container with lid and sample before drying;
and W3 = weight of container with lid and sample after drying
1)In foundation seed 12%
2)In certified seed 12%
2)In certified seed 12%

In Vapour –proof containers

Factors Foundation seeds Certified seeds
Pure seed (minimum) 98.0% 98.0%
Inert matter (maximum) 2.0% 2.0%
Other crop seed (maximum) 5/kg 10/kg
Weed seeds (maximum) 5/kg 10/kg
Other distinguishable varieties (maximum) 10/kg 20/kg
Ergot (claviceps spp), sclerotia, seed entirely or partially modified as
sclerotia ,broken sclerotia or ergot seed (maximum) 0.020% 0.040%
Germination (minimum) 75% 75%
Moisture (maximum) 12.0% 12.0%
For vapour - proof containers (maximum) 8.0% 8.0%
Seed standards for Varieties

Factors Foundation seeds Certified seeds
Pure seed (minimum) 98.0% 98.0%
Inert matter (maximum) 2.0% 2.0%
Other crop seed (maximum) 5/kg 10/kg
Weed seeds (maximum) 5/kg 10/kg
Other distinguishable varieties (maximum) 10/kg 20/kg
Ergot (claviceps spp), sclerotia, seed entirely or partially modified as
sclerotia ,broken sclerotia or ergot seed (maximum) 0.020% 0.040%
Germination (minimum) 75% 75%
Moisture (maximum) 12.0% 12.0%
For vapour - proof containers (maximum) 8.0% 8.0%
Seed standards for Hybrids

Seed treatment
• Seeds dried to safe level of moisture should be treated with captan
75% WP @ 70 gm in 500 ml water for 100 kg of seeds. After seed
treatment, the seed can be stored for one year in cloth bags and if
the seeds need to be stored beyond one year, they should be dried
to 8% moisture, treated and then stored in moisture vapour proof
container like 700 guage polythene bag.
• These seeds could be stored upto 1 ½ years. Instead of poisonous
chemicals, use a safe and non-poisonous chemicals like Halogen
mixture is recommended for treating sorghum seeds @ 3g /kg of
seeds.
• Halogen mixture can be prepared by mixing bleaching power
(calcium oxy chloride) + calcium carbonate + arappu leaf powder
(Albizzia amara) 5:4:1 proportion respectively and then storing in
moisture vapour poof container for a week before use.

Seed certification
• Seed certification guarantees the quality of seed as it ensures that the
certified seed has the genetic, physical, physiological and seed health
qualities. Genetic purity means that the seed gives rise to a plant which
conforms to the varietal characteristics of the variety.
• The physical purity means that the seed is free from stones, broken seeds,
straw bits and leaf bits etc. Physiological quality is measured by
germination and seed health envisages freedom from pest and diseases.
• Seed certification is being done in many stages. It starts from verifying
whether seeds were obtained from authenticated source, verification of
isolation distance and inspection during plant growth, flowering, harvesting,
processing and bagging.
• Also seed samples are drawn form the seed lot and sent to seed testing lab
to test whether the seeds are possessing required physical purity and
germination.
• Then certification tag is issued. Colour of the tag is blue for certified seeds.
• Only those seeds harvested from fields having prescribed field standards
and possessing required seed standards are certified by the Certification
Agency. Seeds thus certified are offered for sales.
• For further details nearer seed certification office may be contacted.

Sorghum Processing Equipment
Sorghum processing equipment introduction:
Sorghum processing equipment is used for cleaning, hulling, milling (peeling and polishing), grading,
color sorting, packaging sorghum. Sorghum processing equipment usually refers to the processing
line. It can meet the market’s need, and create more economic profits for clients.

Sorghum processing equipment technical description:
The raw material is elevated to cleaning process where double sifters and destoners are
installed. The vibration screen effectively clean big and small impurities; the destoner
completely removes heavy impurities like stones and mud; The magnetic separator is mainly
used to clean out the metal, greatly increasing purity of the finished products; the collector
gathers the impurities.
The purified materials go to the processing procedure where two emery and iron roll hullers
are installed. The emery roll huller is a new equipment well designed and developed
according to clients’ requirements; the spiral conveyor is used to charge in the material by
force with stable flow but small amount of brokens. The huller is equipped with indicator to
display current and voltage, regulator to adjust multiple ventilation doors; the advanced wear
resistant parts in the machine are durable. The iron roll huller is effective and stable; the
spiral conveyor is used to charge in the material but force with stable flow by small amount of
brokens. The huller is equipped with indicator to display current and voltage, regulator to
adjust multiple ventilation doors; the wear resistant parts in the machine are of advanced
technology.
The hulled sorghum is elevated to the polisher to be whitened and sifted out the brokens with
double-case planshifter. Then they go to the color grader to be selected out the the particles
of different color.
Byproducts(husks, flour) from emery roll and iron roll hullers and polishers are individually
packaged by packaging cabinet.

Seed drying
• Seed can be dried either under sun or by using mechanical driers. If you dry the
seeds under sun, avoid the noon hot sun. During the noon time, temperature will be
very high and exposing the seeds to such high temperature will affect viability. If
mechanical drier is used, ensure that the drying temperature does not exceed 40°C.
Seed Processing
• Process the seeds with 9/64" round perforated sieve for size grading.
Seed storage methods
• Before seed storage, seed has to be dried to 12% moisture content. Seed treatment
with Thiram or Captan 75% wp at the rate of 70 gm in 500 ml of water per 100 kg
seeds is necessary.
• After this treatment, seeds can be stored for more than one year. Seeds dried to 8%
moisture content can be stored upto one and half years in moisture vapour poof
containers like polythene bags.

Field standards for Hybrids
Contaminents
Foundation seed
Minimum
distance(meters)
Certified seed
Minimum
distance(meters)
Field of other varieties of grain and dual purpose
sorghum including commercial hybrid of the same
variety
300 200
Field of the same hybrid not conforming
To varietal purity requirements for certification
300 200
Fields of other hybrids having common male parent
and conforming to varietal purity requirements for
certification
300 5
Field of bother hybrids having common male parent
but not conforming to varietal purity requirements
for certification
300 200
Johnson grass (Sorghum helepense) 400 400
Forage sorghum with high tillering and grassy
panicle
400 400

–Johnny Appleseed
“Type a quote here.”

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