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Pergerakan merentas membran plasma (2)
- 1. PERGERAKAN BAHAN MERENTASI MEMBRAN PLASMA
- 2. Need for movement of substances across plasma membrane Semua bahan yang diperlukan oleh sel dan hasil buangannya perlu diangkut merentasi membran plasma sel. membran plasma adalah SEPARA TELAP, yang mana ia hanya membenarkan bahan tertentu bergerak merentasinya.
- 3. Membran Plasma struktur membran plasma terdiri daripada dwi- lapisan fosfolipid dan molekul protein. Dwilapisan fosfolipid dan molekul protein membentuk struktur yang dinamik dan bersifat bendalir. Molekul protein terapung secara bebas dalam dwilapisan fosfolipid.
- 5. Setiap molekul fosfolipid terdiri daripada kepala hidrofilik (tertarik kepada air) ekor hidrofobik (menjauhi air).
- 6. The structure of plasma membrane
- 8. SIFAT SEPARA TELAP Molekul protein adalah protein pengangkut seperti protein liang protein pembawa. Bahan yang boleh bergerak merentasi dwilapisan fosfolipid melalui resapan ringkas adalah molekul kecil tidak bercas seperti air, oksigen, karbon dioksida molekul larut lemak seperti asid lemak, gliserol, vitamin A, D, E dan K.
- 9. Molekul berkutub yang lebih besar seperti glukosa dan asid amino serta ion bercas yang kecil TIDAK BOLEH bergerak merentasi dwilapisan fosfolipid. Bahan ini merentasi membran plasma dengan bantuan protein pembawa melalui resapan berbantu. Glukosa dan asid amino diangkut merentasi membran plasma dengan bantuan protein pembawa. Ion mineral kecil yang bereas melalui membran plasma dengan bantuan protein liang. Molekul besar seperti sukrosa, protein dan kanji tidak boleh bergerak merentasi membran plasma.
- 10. Pengangkutan pasif Pergerakan merentas membran plasma
- 11. Pengangkutan pasif • Menuruni kecerunan kepekatan (dr kaw kepekatan tinggi ke rendah) • Tidak perlu tenaga • Bahan boleh merentasi dgn dua cara – Lapisan fosfolipid – Protein liang – Protein pembawa • Bahan boleh bergerak secara bebas tanpa menggunakan tenaga • Reapan ringkas • Osmosis • Resapan berbantu
- 12. Resapan ringkas • Molekul MERESAP merentas membran plasma • Menuruni kecerunan kepekatan • Sehingga keseimbangan tercapai • Cth: – Saiz kecil tidak berpolar : O2/CO2 – Molekul larut lemak: fatty acid, glyserol and also vitamin A, D, E and K.
- 14. Osmosis Molekul air MERESAP Menuruni kecerunan kepekatan bahan Merentasi membran plasma Sehingga tecapai keseimbangan
- 15. Resapan berbantu • Bahan MERESAP merentas membran plasma • Bantuan • Protein liang – molekul kecil bercas : ion mineral • Protein pembawa – molekul besar : glukosa, asid amino • Menuruni kecerunan kepekatan • Cth: pengangkutan bahan hasil pencernaan karbohidrat kepada glukosa. Glukosa meresap masuk ke dalam vilus di usus kecil
- 18. Simple diffusion Osmosis Facilitated diffusion Through lipid bilayer Through carrier protein and channel protein Plant cell Animal cell Application Isotonic solution Hypotonic solution Hypertonic solution Shape and size maintained Shape and size maintained HaemolysisCell is turgid Crenation Cell is flassid (Plasmolysis) Wilting in plants Preservation of food PASSIVE TRANSPORT
- 20. PENGANGKUTAN AKTIF Bahan meresap merentasi membran plasma Melawan kecerunan kepekatan Menggunakan TENAGA ATP Bantuan protein pembawa Cth : Pam ion natrium kalium Pengangkutan ion mineral oleh sel akar
- 23. Comparison between active transport and passive transport.
- 24. 3.2 Movement of Substances across the Plasma Membrane Explain what hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solution are Explain the effect of hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solution on plant and animal cell Explain plasmolysis, deplasmolysis, haemolysis, and crenation. Explain the phenomenon of wilting in plants using examples Explain the preservation of food using examples
- 25. Explain what hypotonic, hypertonic and isotonic solution are Isotonic solution: A solution in which the solute concentration in the cell is equal to the concentration of solute outside the cell Water diffuses into and out of the cell at equal rate Thus, there is no net movement of water across the plasma membrane Hypotonic solution: A solution in which the solute concentration in the cell is lower than the concentration of solute outside the cell Thus, there is a net movement of water from the outside into the cell. Hypertonic solution: A solution in which the solute concentration in the cell is higher to the concentration of solute outside the cell Thus, there is a net movement of water from the inside to the outside of the cell
- 26. PLANT CELLS 1. When a plant cell is immersed in hypotonic solution, water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis 2. The vacuole gains water, expands and exerts pressure outwards on the cell wall 3. The pressure is called turgor pressure and causes the plant cell to become turgid
- 27. • When plant cell placed in hypertonic solution, water molecules diffuses out of the cell by osmosis • Water loss from vacuole and cytoplasm • The vacuole shrinks and become smaller. The cell becomes flaccid and causes plant to wilt • This process called plasmolysis
- 28. ANIMAL CELLS 1. When a animal cell is immersed in hypotonic solution, water molecules diffuse into the cell by osmosis 2. Water enters the cell, causing it to swell up and eventually burst. 3. This busting of red blood cells is known as haemolysis
- 29. • When animal cell placed in hypertonic solution, water molecules diffuses out of the cell by osmosis • Water loss from the cell and cause the cell to shrink. • The red blood cells have undergone crenation
- 30. • If the animal cell or plant cell is immersed in an isotonic solution, there is no net movement of water across the plasma membrane • Water flows across the membrane at same rate in both direction • The cell’s volume and shape remain constant
- 31. Explain the phenomenon of wilting in plants using examples Wilting of plant when given too much fertilizer.
- 32. Explanation Fertilisers will dissolve in the soil and caused the soil water to be hypertonic to the root cells of plant Water diffuse out from the root to their surrounding by osmosis Plasmolysis occur and plant cell become flaccid, cause the plant wilt.
- 33. Explain the preservation of food using examples Preserved food such as salted fish and pickled cucumber.
- 34. 3.3 Appreciating the Movement of Substances across the Plasma Membrane Explain the necessity for the movement of substances across plasma membrane which occurs in the continuous and controlled manner for the survival of the cell.
- 35. The movement of substances across the plasma membrane occurs in a continuous and controlled manner for survival of a cell. As a gate keeper, plasma membrane will regulate what goes in and out of the cell So that, it is essential for us to take care of our food and water intake everyday to prevent the body from getting dehydrated.