farming system approach

1. JAWAHARLAL NEHRUKRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
JABALPUR, M.P.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY
Credit Seminar on:
Farming System Approach For Food Security And Sustained Rural
Economy
SEMINAR INCHARGE
DR. M. L. KEWAT
MAJOR ADVISOR
DR. AMIT KUMAR JHA
PRESENTED BY
SONOO PAHADE
Enroll. No 160111014
MSc (Ag)final year

2. In recent years, food security, livelihood security, water
security as well as natural resources conservation and
environment protection have emerged as major issues
worldwide. Developing countries are struggling to deal with
these issues and also have to contend with the dual burden of
climate change and globalization.
It has been accepted by everyone across the globe that
sustainable development is the only way to promote rational
utilization of resources and environmental protection without
hampering economic growth. Developing countries around
the world are promoting sustainable development through
sustainable agricultural practices which will help them in
addressing socio economic as well as environmental issues
simultaneously.
Introduction

3. Within the broad concept of sustainable agriculture
“Integrated Farming Systems” hold special position as in this
system nothing is wasted, the by-product of one system
becomes the input for other. It is an integrated approach to
farming as compared to existing monoculture approaches.
It refers to agricultural systems that integrate
livestock and crop production. Moreover, the system help
poor small farmers, who have very small land holding for
crop production and a few heads of livestock to diversify
farm production, increase cash income, improve quality and
quantity of food produced and exploitation of unutilized
resources.
Contd....

4. Farming system
Farming system designates a set of
agricultural activities organized while
preserving land productivity, environmental
quality and maintaining desirable level of
biological diversity and ecological stability.
(Lal and Millar 1990)
Farming system consist of several
enterprises like Cropping system, Dairying,
Piggery, Poultry, Fishery, Bee keeping etc.
these enterprises are interrelated. The end
product and wastes of one enterprise are
used as inputs in others.

5. Food security
Provide balanced food
Quality food basket
High productivity and enhanced farm income
Effective recycling of resources
Minimizing environmental pollution
Employment generation
Roles of Farming System

6. Food security
Provides Balanced Food
There is need of farming system which has several
components like dairy, poultry, goatry, fisheries etc. along with
crop production.
In this way, farming system would not meet the food for but also
cater the need of protein, fat, vitamins and minerals required for
good health.
 Food security is defined as the balanced food supply and
effective demand for food.
 Thus food security needs to be redefined as “livelihood security
for the household and all members within, which ensures both
physical and economic access to balanced diet, safe drinking
water, environmental sanitation, primary education and basic
health care.

7. Higher productivity and enhanced farm income
Integration of fish in rice system decreasing the
rice grain yield due to presence of fish trenches
occupying 10% of the rice area, however, additional
income Increased.
The profit can be increased more when fish,
vegetable system and livestock include in rice – rice
farming System.

8. Effective recycling of resources
The effective recycling of farm resources is
possible by adoption of farming system research.
Crop by-product is utilized as fodder for animals,
and animal by-product i.e. milk, and dung may be
utilized for increasing income and soil fertility,
respectively.

9. Integrated crop-livestock farming system Key aspects
Integrated Crop-
Livestock
Farming System

10. Minimize environmental pollution
• In Punjab, Haryana and western Utter Pradesh, burning of
rice residue is common practice, which increased the
concentration of green house gases in atmosphere, in
addition to huge amount of nutrient loss.
• Such situation could be avoided by introduction of some
more enterprises like animal husbandry on the farm.
• Rice straw may be used as animal feed.

11. Employment generation
Since crop based agriculture is highly season specific and
time bond, the intensity of labour requirement increases
during sowing and harvesting time of crops.
For rest of the time farmers sitting idle if they do not have
off-farm activities. This leisure time could be utilized
effectively by adoption of farming system, which keeps the
whole family busy throughout the year.

12. Employment generation (man-days)
Farming system Crop Poultry Pigeon Fish Goat Total system
employment
generation
Cropping alone 369 - - - - 369
Crop + fish +
poultry
420 61 - 34 - 515
Crop + fish +
pigeon
420 - 61 34 - 515
Crop + fish + goat 420 - - 34 122 576
Experiment conducted at TNAU,Coimbatore. source: (Saravanam et al., 2015)

13. Farming System Research
 Farming System Concept was developed in 1970.
 It is designed to understand farmer priorities, strategies
and resource allocation decisions.
 Farming systems research and development approach
associated with small farmers and focuses on their
conditions and aspirations.
 Its goal to develop sustainable land use system which
will optimize resource use and increase income and
employment for farm families.

14. Farming System Research For Different Agro
Climatic Zones In India
• Pastures with forestry, goats, rabbits,
and settled agricultural crops like millets,
wheat, barley, and fodders.
High altitude
cold deserts
• Animal husbandry with the camels,
sheep and goats, and growing with
fodder and field crops.
Arid and
desert region
• Horticultural crops as a major
component and agriculture mainly on
the hill terraces and slopes with maize,
rice, wheat, pulses and fodder crops.
Western and
central
Himalayas

15. • Primitive crop husbandry with rice,
millets, pulses etc. Agro forestry
system are also common. Piggery and
poultry are the chief livestock activity.
Eastern
Himalayas
• Intensive crop husbandry like rice-
wheat-maize/mustard/pulses and
livestock, dairy, cattle and buffaloes.
Indo-Gangetic
plains
• Cotton-sorghum-millets/pulses with
dairy cattle, sheep and goats and
poultry are the secondary livestock and
animal husbandry enterprises.
Central and
Southern
Highlands

16. • Major activity on plantation crops,
cultivating rice and pulses are the
secondary agricultural activity. Cattle,
sheep and goats are the livestock
components which in most parts, are
maintained as large herds.
Western
Ghats
• Rice cultivation with other enterprises
like fishery, poultry and piggery, etc.,
capture fisheries of marine ecosystem
is a specialized enterprise.
Delta and
Coastal
plains

17. Integrated Farming System
Integrated Farming Systems a
component of farming system
research introduces a change in
farming techniques for maximum
production in a cropping pattern
and take care of optimal utilization
of resources.
It focused round a few
selected, inter-dependent, inter-
related and often inter-linking
production systems based on few
crops, animals and related
subsidiary professions.

19. Different components of Integrated Farming System
 Field crops
 Crop production
 Vegetables
 Fruit cultivation
 Poultry farming
 Livestock integration
 Duckery
 Aquaculture
 Agroforestry
 Bee- keeping
 Mushroom cultivation
 Bio-gas plant

20. Integrated approach in wetland situation
•Rice based cropping with
poultry-cum-fish culture
•Crop-poultry-fishery
•Cropping with dairy
•Cropping with goat rearing
•Cropping with aquaculture

21. Integrated farming systems for
irrigated areas
Cropping with dairy, biogas and
siliviculture.
Integrated farming system for
rainfed areas
Cropping with goat and silvopasture.
Integrated farming systems for hilly
regions
Majority of the farmers in the region
are maintaining fruit tree like apple,
dairy cattle and the major source of
green fodder comes from lopping of
the fodder trees and locally available
grasses.

22. Goals of Integrated Farming Systems
Maximization of yield of all component
enterprises
Provide steady and stable Income
Rejuvenation of system’s productivity
Achieve agro-ecological equilibrium

23. Advantages of Integrated Farming
System
Increased Productivity
Profitability
Sustainability
Balanced Food
Environmental safety
Recycling of resources
Income round the Year
Meeting fodder crisis
Solving Fuel and Timber crisis
Employment generation
Improves literacy
Increasing the standard of living of the farmer

24. Productivity and economic analysis of different
integrated farming systems
Farming system Cost of
production
(Rs/ha)
Gross return
(Rs/ha)
Net return
(Rs/ha)
Per day
return
(Rs/ha)
Cropping alone 24,922 61,112 36,190 167
Crop + fish + poultry 44,627 159,292 1,14,665 436
Crop + fish + pigeon 43,310 161,772 1,18,462 443
Crop + fish + goat 51,483 1,78,047 1,12,564 493
Experiment conducted at TNAU,Coimbatore. source: (Saravanam et al., 2015)

25. Constraints and Opportunities
• Lack of appropriate technology
• Lack of farmers participatory
research
• Inadequate Training
• Lack of rural infrastructure
• Policy implication
• Socio-economic constraints
• Inadequate institutional support

26. Conclusion
Efficient utilization of scarce and costly resources is the
need of the hour to make crop production a viable
proposition in the present day competitive scenario.
Following the concept of Integrated farming systems
through supplementation of allied agro-enterprises by
recycling the waste of one enterprise in another is a right
step in this direction.
It provides alternate and sustainable avocation to
marginal and sub-marginal farmers. Fruit, mushroom,
apiary, animal production and poultry have been more
viable with them.

27. The crop residues and biomass available in plenty in the
crop production system need to be properly managed to
harness full benefits.
Improving the integrated approach not only enhances
farm income but also overcomes environmental pollution.
A better planning and utilization of the available
resources will usher in bright prospects for the farm
economy as a whole.
Contd....

28. REFERENCES:
1. Saravanan M et al., 2015, A Review On Integrated
Farming Systems Journal Of International Academic
Research For multidisciplinary. 3 (7): 2320-5083
2. http://www.agriinfo.in
3. www.agritech.tnau.ac.in
4. http://www.sciencedirect.com
5. http://www.icmr.nic.in/) accessed on 1st May ,2016
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