3. INTRODUCTION
• A slum is predominantly an overcrowded
area where dwellings are unfit for human
habitation.
• It is an area where basic amenities like
water supply, drainage for standard living
are lacking ,insanitary conditions .
• It is poverty stricken area , where there is a
high rate of birth , infant mortality,
illegitimacy, juvenile crime , delinquency
and death .
4. • Thus representing a state of hell on the
surface of earth.
• Slum is a menaced to health, safety,
morality and general welfare of the
inhabitants.
• Slums are very common in India.
• It is estimated that about 25% population
of any city in India live under sub-human
conditions of slums .
5. •These are commonly known as
Bustees in Kolkata
Cheries in Chennai
Ahatas in U.P.
Jhoparpattis in Mumbai
Jhuparpati in Gujrat
12. Causes of slum
Rapid industrialization :The worker employed
in the factories generally make their habitation as
near possible to the place of work.
• Hence in a short time the available land or open
space is occupied without any proper planning.
Population growth :
• There is a lag between the tremendous growth of
population and the construction of house. These
shortages main fest themselves in creating slum.
13. Poverty:-The main cause of slum
formation can be described on one word
as poverty.
• For poor people it is difficult to pay heavy
rent for decent living. They move in slum
area.
Education:- if they inhabitants are lacking
in education ,they may be easily dragged
into social evils without any attention to
improvement of living condition.
14. Power of local authority:- if the local authority
concerned dose not possess adequate power
of control the development of town, the slum
may be formation.
15. Characteristics Of Slums
The General characteristics of slums
are :
1. Appearance:-
• This the rather the universal mark of the
slum and its unpleasant appearance
offends the eyes, nose, and conscience.
• The structures appear to be deteriorated
and to be of over-age.
16. 2. Fire hazards :-
• The slums area is often exposed to fire
accidents and consequent damages.
• One stick of matches may prove to be
sufficient to reduce the whole slum to
ashes in no time.
3. Health and Sanitation:-
• The slums is characterized by low
standards of sanitation .
• It also refers an area of high sickness and
death rates .
17. 4. Income criteria :-
• The slum is a poverty area and it is
occupied by people of the lowest income
group of the society.
5. Overcrowding :-
• The slum is overcrowded with buildings
or the buildings are overcrowded with
people or both conditions prevail in the
slums.
18. 7. Morals:-
• The socially disorganized slum may prove
to be an area of delinquency ,crime and
vice.
8. Social isolation :-
• The slum area is of the lowest social
status ,and it is usually linked up with the
rest of the community through its labour
force .
19. Effects Of Slums
Following are the bad effects of slums on
the town life:-
1. Health
2. Lack of amenities
3. Surrounding locality
4. Working conditions
5. Undesirable look
20. Health
• The environments not healthy and people
residing in slums are easily vulnerable to by
various diseases.
21. Lack of amenities
• Sufficient public facilities water supply,
drainage, sanitation, electricity etc. do not
exist.
22. Surrounding locality
• If location of institutions like school, hospital,
library etc are near to slum area then it affect
their working.
23. Working conditions
• The area being full of noise, traffic
congestions, smoke, darkness, fumes, it is not
possible to work peacefully in slums.
Undesirable look
• The slums spoil the aesthetic look of the city.
24. • In the slums there is complete absence of
social and cultural life.
• There is no open space of recreation, fresh air
etc in slums.
• The metal outlook of the slum dweller is
affected.
• He develops low moral character as such he is
easily attracted by vice, delinquency, crime
and activities like bootlegging, narcotics,
drugs, etc.
25.
26. Slum Clearance
• Slum clearance may be defined as the
complete removal of slum area from the
city.
Objectives of slum clearance
27. • To improve living standards of people of the
slum area.
• To provide essential amenities like clean
drinking water , sanitation , clean surrounding
for healthy living.
• To prevent spread of epidemic in the town.
• To bring down social disparity among the
various classes of people .
• To improve the aesthetic of a town.
Objectives Of Slum Clearance
28. Difficulties in slum clearance
• Lack of resources.
• High cost of alternative sites near place of
work.
• Unwillingness of the slum dwellers to
move from slum area.
• Low rent paying capacity of the slum
dwellers.
29. Methods of slum clearance
1. Improvement method
2. Complete removal method
1. Improvement method
• This method is adopted where slums are
due to poor drainage system and
unhealthy conditions.
30. • Hence the drainage arrangement is
modified and improved.
• Public utility services like water , drainage ,
gas , electricity may be provided in slum
area.
• Few houses need some improvement to
make them more habitable.
31. Complete removal method
• In this method, the slum area is
completely cleaned out of the existing
locality.
• All the dilapidated structures are
demolished.
• Only such buildings which are really in
good condition are retained.
• The area thus cleaned up may be used as
open spaces and site for new buildings.
32. Prevention of slum formation
•Cheap housing:-Subsidized cheap
houses should made available to the
poor class of people by the
government.
•Construction of buildings:-Certain
rules and regulations may be framed
and strictly followed to restrict the
coming up of buildings of subnormal
standards.
33. •Compulsion to employers:-Large
companies or employers may be
compelled to provide housing
accommodation for their staff.
•Rent restriction:-The rent restriction
act is in force in many towns in many
town of our country.
34. • Maintenance and repairs:-
• The responsibility of maintenance and
repairs of building should be fixed and
defined in housing act.
• Social education:-
• Effective social education may help in
checking the growth of slumps and
reduces the poverty.
