1. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
GBH Enterprises, Ltd.
OLEFIN HYDROGENATION
VULCAN Series VHT-S101/S103
Case Study: #08812416GB/H
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2. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
Olefin Hydrogenation
Case 1: Catalyst used: VULCAN Series VHT-S101
Case 2: Catalyst used: VULCAN Series VHT-S103/N103
There is no sulfur at all present in the feed so pre-sulfided catalyst must be used.
Moreover it may be necessary to re-sulfide the catalyst at periodic intervals.
Starting Point:
1. Design Basis: Total Feed Flow Rate, Feed Composition, Direction of Flow,
Inlet Operating Temperature, Inlet Operating Pressure:
Total Feed Flow Rate (MMSCFD): 15
Total Feed Flow Rate (Nm3
/h): 1.68 x 104
Feed Composition (mol%):
H2
N2
CO2
CH4
C2H4
C2H6
C3H6
C3H8
Iso-C4H10
Iso-C4H8
N-C4H10
N-C6H14
H2O
TOTAL:
8.209
0.939
0.021
38.480
16.178
13.670
12.957
5.406
0.127
1.868
0.699
0.611
0.837
100.000
Direction of Flow: Downflow
Inlet Operating Temperature (o
C): Case 1: 300
Case 2: 250
Inlet Operating Pressure (bara): 20 (Assumed)*
Maximum Acceptable Exotherm due to Olefin
Hydrogenation (o
C):
Case 1: 80
Case 2: 130
*Please note: The client did not provide an Inlet Operating Pressure.

3. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
2. Design Requirements (Both Cases):
Required Expected Minimum Catalyst Life (years): 5
Maximum Acceptable Expected Bed Pressure Drop (bar): Unknown
GHSV (h-1
) 2000
Hydrogen Composition of Product (mol%): 0.000

4. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
Results:
The exotherm was calculated using VULCAN HYDROGENATOR.
A value of 146o
C was found. In both cases a recycle stream will be required.
The Catalyst Bed Pressure Drops were calculated using a program called
VULCAN PDMAIN 3.0.
Final Results for Both Cases
Case 1 Case 2
Catalyst Type: VULCAN VHT-S101 VULCAN VHT-S103
Required Flow Rate through Reactor (Nm3
/h): 3.07 x 104
1.89 x 104
Recycle Flow Rate/Total Feed Flow Rate (-): 0.825 0.123
GHSV (h-1
): 2000 2000
Calculated Required Bed Volume (m3
): 15.35 9.45
Bed Diameter D (m): 3.39 2.89
Bed Height H (m): 1.70 1.44
H/D (-): 0.5 0.5
Recommended Inlet Operating Temperature
(o
C):
300 250
Inlet Operating Pressure (bara): 20 20
Expected Minimum Bed Life (years): 5 5
Expected Catalyst Bed Pressure Drop after 5
Years (bar):
0.016 0.010
Exotherm (o
C): 80 130
Hydrogen Level in Product (mol%, wet): 0.000 0.000

5. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com
APPENDIX
VULCAN Series Catalyst and Absorbents Reactor Loading
Grading Material Loading Diagram
ID = 7' 0"
design actual design actual
Dist Tray 8' Baskets are out
9' 9'
26 ft3 active support, high void cylinder 16 mm
9'8" 9'8"
active support, hollow cylinder 6.4 mm
13'2" 12'
catalyst 1/10"
catalyst 1/10" 14'10" 15'1"
19 ft3 active support, ball 8.0 mm 15'4" 15'5" Top of Supp. Grid
Supp. Grid 15'8" Filled up dump chute
w ith 1/8" support
Collector tray
Perforate tray
Dist Tray 21'4" 21'4" Support beams extend 6"
21'10" 21'10" to 8" below tray.
19 ft3 active support, high void cylinder 16 mm 22'4" 22'4"
19 ft3 active support, hollow cylinder 6.4 mm 22'10" 23'3"
19 ft3 active support, hollow cylinder 4.8 mm 23'4" 23'4"
272 ft3 catalyst 1/10"
30'5" 30'3"
19 ft3 active support, ball 8.0 mm
10 ft3 support balls 1/2" 30'8" 30'9" Top of stool
Elephant stool 31'8" 31'11" Btm of stool
Bottom dump chutes w ere packed w ith kaow ool
Hollow cylinder 6.4 and 4.8 are the metric sizes
2'4"
8"
2'6"
7"
6"
85"
6"
Quench
6"
6"
Gear/Water w heel shape 16 is the metric size
Trilobe
Sphere 8.0 is the metric size
6"
Internals between the
two beds are to be

6. Refinery Process Stream Purification Refinery Process Catalysts Troubleshooting Refinery Process Catalyst Start-Up / Shutdown
Activation Reduction In-situ Ex-situ Sulfiding Specializing in Refinery Process Catalyst Performance Evaluation Heat & Mass
Balance Analysis Catalyst Remaining Life Determination Catalyst Deactivation Assessment Catalyst Performance
Characterization Refining & Gas Processing & Petrochemical Industries Catalysts / Process Technology - Hydrogen Catalysts /
Process Technology – Ammonia Catalyst Process Technology - Methanol Catalysts / process Technology – Petrochemicals
Specializing in the Development & Commercialization of New Technology in the Refining & Petrochemical Industries
Web Site: www.GBHEnterprises.com