This is simple presentation about the Urbanisation.......

1. Govind Dayal Mahala
(M.A. In Economics)
IGNTU, Amarkantak
04 September 2018

2. CHARACTERISTICS OF URBAN AREA
1. Large number of population
2. High density
3. Non-agricultural activities
4. Belong to secondary, treasury & other economic sector
5. Better Infrastructure facility

3. MEANING OF URBANISATION
• A large part of population is engaged in non-agricultural
activities, the area can be known as an urban area.
Moreover, through the development of other feature of urban
areas like setting up of educational institution,
establishment of judicial courts, hospitals, police station,
etc…, providing drainage, water supply, electricity, transport
and communication facilities, it become an urban area.

4. DEFINITION OF URBANISATION
“Urban area is that area where people live in large number and the
density of population is high and large part of population is engaged
in non-agricultural activities.”
- Philip A. Houser
”increase in the proportion of a population living in urban areas,
process by which a large number of people becomes permanently
concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities.”
- United Nations

5. FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR
URBANISATION
The following are the causes of urbanisation which relate to countries like India
1. Population increase
2. Industrialisation
3. Specialisation in occupation
4. Political factors
5. Location of mineral deposit
6. Port towns
7. Religious factor
8. Educational & cultural centers

6. 9. Transport & communication facilities
10. Migration

7. PROBLEMS OF URBANISATION
The problem of urbanisation can be classified into four part —
•Economic problem
•Social problem
•Infrastructural problem
•Administrative problem

8. Economic problem

9. 1. Growth of huge slums and shanty towns lacking in clean drinking
water.
2. Growth of city limits leading to overcrowding like traffic etc.
3. Problem of residential accommodation, electricity, water supply,
drainage etc.
4. Air pollution due to heavy traffic on the streets, road or
industries.
5. Growth of unemployment problem due to increasing growth rate
of the urban population.
6. Increase in urban poverty and inequality of income.
7. Shortage of school, colleges, dispensaries, hospital, means of
transportation, housing etc.

10. SOCIAL PROBLEM

11. 1. Its destroys the values, culture and convention of the
society.
2. Shortage of living space and high cost of living leads to the
break up of the joint family system.
3. Its leads to crime, violence, drug addiction, alcoholism,
depression, suicidal tendencies, restlessness in
educational institutional, social unrest, prostitution etc.

12. INFRASTRUCTURAL PROBLEM

13. 1. Shortages of electric power, kerosene, coal and gas for
cooking, Petrol for running transport services.
2. School, college and other educational buildings, roads, buses,
railways, flyovers, bridges, sewerage system, administrative
buildings etc.
3. The Govt. & local bodies are unable to find sufficient resources
to meet them in comparison to their ever-increasing demand.

14. ADMINISTRATIVE PROBLEM

15. 1. Administrative problem like- controlling crime, violence, traffic,
protecting life & property, establishing civil protection system
etc.
2. Consequently the pressure on administrative & police force
increases.

17. 1. The need is to reduce the birth rate especially among the urban poor.
Improvement in health services in slums.
2. The local bodies or municipal corporations should provide such services
as water supply, sewerage, sanitation and management of solid and
liquid waste, electricity, gas, etc.
3. There is greater need for infrastructural development in urban areas in
order to remove crowding and pollution.
4. Constructing flyovers, bridges and new roads, playing of city buses and
other means of transport.
5. New houses for low income and middle income groups, one-room
tenaments for slum dwellers , parks, entertainment centres .
6. Buildings for schools, colleges and other educational and training
institutions etc.

18. 7. Though controlling crime and violence is the responsibility of city
police and administration, residents can protect their properties by
establishing civil protection system in their respective areas.
8. To reduce congestion and overcrowding, their should be dispersal of
industries by establishing new industrial centres and towns in the
periphery of the metropolis.
9. To reduce migration to town and cities, living conditions in villages
should be improved by providing drinking water, electricity, medical,
health and educational facilities.
10. It is also imperative to create larger employment opportunities in
villages by setting up ancillary, food processing and other industries.

19. 11. A good network of transport and communication system should be
laid for the movement of labour , farm produce and industrial raw
materials from rural to urban areas.
All these measures will help in developing rural areas and prevent
people from setting permanently in urban areas.