By Gaurav Kumar Pandit (Guru) UOH 16LPMS09

1. GAURAV KUMAR PANDIT
M.Sc.(II) Plant Biology & Biotechnology
SCHOOL OF LIFE SCIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF HYDERABAD
gauravbiologist@uohyd.ac.in
March 13 , 2017
POLLUTION & HUMAN HEALTH

2. POLLUTION
Presence of dangerous unnatural ingredeints causing
imbalance in the ecosystems and health hazards to human
beings and animals is called pollution.
 Pollution is often classed as point source or nonpoint source
pollution.
 A pollutant is a waste material that pollutes air, water or soil.
 Three factors determine the severity of a pollutant:
its chemical nature,
the concentration and
the persistence.

3. NON-POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Reference : http://paulmirocha.com/projects/water-pollution/#.WMW8dYGGO00

4. POINT SOURCE POLLUTION
Reference : Google Images

5. Ref: http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/air-pollution/effects-of-air-pollutants-on-human-health/19785/

6. Distribution
Storage
Biotransfromation
Elimination
Processing of pollutant in human body

7. ROUTES OF ENTRY
Air
Soil
Water
Inhalation
Dermal Absorption

8.  Skin contact
Routes of Entry : Skin contact
Many organic compounds and are readily absorbed
through the skin
Solvents
Pesticides
Organo-metal compounds

9. Routes of Entry : Ingestion
Ingestion can occur due to:
 Foodstuff contamination
 Food from polluted water and soil source
 Drinking contaminated water
Reference : http://waterliberty.com/news/2014/10/water-pollution-facts-for-children-and-parents/

10. Distribution & Storage
Fat
Bones
Blood
Liver and kidney
Other organs / tissues
Storage
Transport by blood
Substances released from storage

11. Biotransformation
Phase I reactions
• Oxidation
• Reduction
• hydrolysis
Phase II reactions
• Conjugation
• Synthesis
Metabolites Elimination
Occurs mainly in the liver , Also in lungs, kidney & intestine

12. POLLUTION & PROCESSING OF AIR POLLUTION
Reference : http://www.in.gov/idem/airquality/2640.htm

13. THE EFFECTS OF POLLUTION ON HUMAN HEALTH
 Local : At site of contact
Systemic : Following distribution
chronic
sub-chronic
sub-acute
acute
Timescale
Direct
Indirect

14. SOME IMPORTANT POLLUTANT & THEIR EFFECT
Sulphur Dioxide
Soluble acid gas
Upper respiratory tract
irritation
Increased effect on people
with pre-existing respiratory
disease
1.VOCs - Direct effects :
 Depends on compound
2.VOCs - Indirect effects
Photochemical ozone
formation
Ozone depletion
Climate change
Ozone
Produced by photochemical
reactions
Deep lung irritant
Ozone - Acute effects
Reduced lung function
Aggravates asthma
Damages lining of respiratory
passages
Ozone - Chronic effects
Permanent reduction in lung
function?

15. WHO IS AT RISK? : SUSCEPTIBILITY
The most susceptible groups include
Elderly,
Children,
People with pre-existing disease
Different doses required to produce same effect
Variation in susceptibility
between individuals
Inter-species variation

16. PARTICULATE MATTER : PM2.5 & PM10
Measurements of PM10 and PM2.5, i.e. particles with
aerodynamic diameter smaller than 10 or 2.5 microns
respectively, serve as indicators of air quality.
Particulate matter in the air can penetrate deep into the
lungs and enter the body systematically, affecting the
cardiovascular and other major organ systems.
Chronic exposure to particulate matter leads to increased
risks of pre-mature mortality from heart attack, stroke,
respiratory infections, and lung cancer.
Reference : http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/global/source_apport/en/

17. • “Higher levels of PM(10) and NO(2), which are
typically markers of traffic related pollution, seem
to be associated with transiently increased risk of
myocardial infarction 1-6 hours after exposure,..”
• A total of 79 288 myocardial infarctions with time of
event available were recorded in The Myocardial
Ischaemia National Audit Project (MINAP) within
the 15 conurbations during 2003–6
Reference: Bhaskaran K et al, BMJ.2011 Sep 20;343:d5531. doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5531
PARTICULATE MATTER & MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

18. SOME SERIOUS POLLUTION INCIDENT
1. Mercury - The Minamata Incident : Minamata Bay, Japan,
1950s Chisso Corporation
2. Camelford Incident 1988, Camelford, Cornwall : Aluminium
sulphate contamination of water supply
Short term effects
Nausea
Vomiting
Mouth ulcers
Skin rashes
Longer term effects
Memory loss
Effects on cerebal function

19. CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD)
Asthma
Emphysema
Reference : https://electrohomeoclinic.jimdo.com/about-asthama/

20. News about Air Pollution & Health effect

21. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data

22. Presence of unnatural ingredeints causing imbalance in the
ecosystems and health hazards to human beings and animals
is called pollution.
Pollution is mainly found in air, water, soil, food and sound.
Pollution of air is the major cause human health problems
such as respiratory problems, lung / throat, cancer etc.
As the pollution grows with the civilization and growing
population, the control of pollution is more challenging.
The National Environment Policy of 1997 acts as a framework
for environmental decision making in Tanzania.
In 1998 Environment Improvement Trust (EIT) start working
for environment & forest protection in India
CONCLUSION

23. REFERENCE
Bhaskaran K et al, BMJ.2011 Sep 20;343:d5531.
doi: 10.1136/bmj.d5531
World Health Organisation
Wikipedia : Pollution , Environmental protection
Http://paulmirocha.com/projects/water-
pollution/#.WMW8dYGGO00
http://www.in.gov/idem/airquality/2640.htm
http://waterliberty.com/news/2014/10/water-pollution-facts-for-
children-and-parents
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/air-pollution/effects-of-air-
pollutants-on-human-health/19785

24. BE CAUTIOUS FROM TODAY
While the government has spent
a lot of money on POLLUTION
CONTROL
As responsible citizens, we
have the responsibility to
help reduce pollution.