1. F.C.E.
USE OF ENGLISH
PRESENT PERFECT
TENSE

2. PRESENT PERFECT: OTHER USES

3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE
THE PRESENT PERFECT IS USED WITH THE FOLLOWING ADVERBS:
ALREADY, NEVER. EVER, JUST, YET in order to express:
 ALREADY: I’ve already done my homework. I can go out now.
(FINISHED ACTIONS IN THE PRESENT)
 NEVER: I’ve never visited Italica. I think we should go this Saturday.
(UNDONE ACTIONS THE LIFETIME)
 EVER: Have you ever been to NY?. /No-one has (ever) proved aliens exist.
 JUST: I’ve just seen Mary in the park. If you go now, you’ll find her there.
(VERY RECENTLY DONE ACTIONS)
 YET: I haven’t done my homework yet. I should start now. / have you made the
bed yet?
(UNDONE OBLIGATIONS)
POSITION OF THE ADVERS: BEFORE THE PAST PARTICIPLE, except for YET, at the
end of the sentence.

4. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS emphazises the lenght of an activity:
E.g.: I’ve been working on my project all morning.
 PPC explains a present situation:
E,g,: John is totaly dirty. He’s been playing football.
COMPARE>:
I have lived here for three years.
I have been living here for three years.
Is there any contrast?
With STATE VERBS (LIVE, WORK, STAY, SLEEP, ETC), there is little contrast.

5. FCE USE OF ENGLISH, Part 4: Sentence Transformation
PAST TENSES. SPECIAL USES
1. I haven’t watched TV for at least three weeks!
LAST
It’s at least three weeks…………………………………………………………..………...TV.
Structure:
SINCE I LAST WATCHED
IT’S (AT LEAST) + PERIOD OF TIME(*) + SINCE (I) LAST + SIMPLE PAST
(*): AGES, A LONG TIME, THREE DAYS, ETC.

6. FCE USE OF ENGLISH, Part 4: Sentence Transformation
PAST TENSES. SPECIAL USES
2. The last time I went to France was three years ago
FOR
NOT BEEN TO FRANCE FOR
I have………………………………………………………………..………………..three
years
3. I met Gary when we were at University together
KNOWN
I…………………………………………………………………….HAVE/’VE KNOWN GARY
SINCE
we were at university
together

7. FCE USE OF ENGLISH, Part 4: Sentence Transformation
4. We were playing football just now and we are really dirty
BEEN
We are really dirty because……………………………………………………….football
5. I’ve never eaten a better meal than this
EVER
This is the……………………………………………………………………………eaten
6. Who was your opponent in that tennis match I saw you play YESTERDAY?
PLAYING
Who……………………………………………………………………against in that tennis match I
saw yesterday?
WE HAVE BEEN PLAYING
BEST MEAL I HAVE EVER
WERE YOU PLAYING

8. FCE USE OF ENGLISH, Part 4: Sentence Transformation
7. I didn’t feel very well this morning and I don’t feel any better now.
FEELING
HAVE FELT/’VE BEEN FEELING
I…………………………………………………………..ill all day.
8. This is my first visit to the USA
NEVER
HAVE/’VE NEVER BEEN TO
I……………………………………………………………….the USA before
9. We sold our old car two hours ago.
JUST
HAVE JUST SOLD
We ……………………………………………..……………………our old car

9. FCE Use of English Part 4
PERFECT TENSES II (REVISION)
1. She hasn’t seen her aunt for at least two years
LAST
It’s at least two years………………………………………………………….her aunt.
2. The last time I spoke English was five years ago
FOR
I have………………………………………………………………..………………..five years
3. My father met my mother when they made a journey together
KNOWN
My parents………………………………………………..…..they made a journey
together

10. FCE Use of English Part 4
PERFECT TENSES II (REVISION)
4. We sold our old car two hours ago.
JUST
We ……………………………………………..……………………our old car
5. These are the best hollidays we have had for ages!
NEVER
We ………………………………………………………………best hollidays than these
ones.
6. My parents moved here from Canada ten years ago.
FOR
My parents………………………………………………………ten years

11. FCE Use of English Part 4
PERFECT TENSES II (REVISION)
7. The plane was going to take off at two and it is still in the runaway
YET
The plane……………………………………………………………..………..
8. This is the first time Sara go to the city zoo.
NEVER
She……………………………………………………………….the city zoo before