www.fao.org/climatechange The presentation was delivered by Anne Mottet, Livestock Policy Officer of FAO, at the Integrating Agriculture in National Adaptation Plans Workshop, 5-7 April 2016, Rome, Italy. © FAO: http://www.fao.org

1. Integration of Agricultural Subsectors
Introduction and examples

2. “
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3. Mixed crop-livestock Systems
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4. Mixed crop-livestock Systems in Zambia
• Livestock = 40% of agricultural GDP
• IAPRI/CSO/MAL survey of 8279 households: 27% with cattle,
28% with goats, 75% with chicken
• Growing demand for livestock products. Projections 2050:
+71% beef, +129% milk and +80% small ruminant s meat

5. Seasonality of forage consumption
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•
•
•
•

6. Feed balance for residues and grass
(dry season)
• Higher deficit
for crop residues
than for grass
• Higher distance
to cover to fill
deficit in crop
residues
Average distance to cover to fill deficit
31 km 8 km
Crop residues
Deficit/excess
Grass
Deficit/excess
Mean
Max.
Excess
Deficit

7. Livestock effect on income and its variability
0.0e+005.0e+061.0e+071.5e+07
Grossincome
Without livestock With livestock
Normal
Dryer than usual
0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.5
Variationingrossincome(CV)
Without livestock With livestock
Normal
Dryer than usual
•
•

8. METHOD– SCENARIOS 2012-2030
Production
Cow milk, beef and goat meat
Adaptation
Transmission of inter-annual variability from biomass to animal products
Mitigation
GHG emissions and emission intensity
Vegetation (supply)
2012-2030 scenarios
• Baseline
• Drought
Livestock (demand)
Improvement options
• Animal husbandry & health
• Feeding practices (improved grasslands
and replacement of part of the CR)

9. Results - Adaptation0.000.050.100.150.20
Interannualvariability(CV)
2000-2011 Baseline Drought
scenario scenario
0.000.050.100.150.20
Interannualvariabilty(CV)
2000-2011 Baseline Drought
scenario scenario
•
•
Biomass production variability Livestock production variability

10. Overcoming trade-offs between conservation
agriculture and livestock
• Sound assessment of biomass availability and demand (animal feed
intake and fuel)  balance
• Allocation and efficient utilisation of crop residues, with minimum level
of vegetative cover assessed to conserve/enhance soil resources and
moisture in each agri- environmental and climatic condition, and
nutrient imports from animal manure added
• Identification of local alternative/complementary strategies to feeding
crop residues (legumes, grasses, tree fodder…)
Sources: Valbuena et al., 2012; Mueller et al., 2003

11. Agroforestry systems
• Use of trees and shrubs as part of agricultural systems to
prevent soil erosion, facilitate water infiltration and decrease
the impacts of extreme weather.
• Also helps diversify income sources and provides energy and
fodder for livestock.
• Nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees, such as Faidherbia albida,
increase soil fertility and yields
• Not a recipe: a wide variety of systems and tress species to
consider in very different contexts

12. Source: Torquebiau, 2013

13. A range of systems and responses to CC

14. BUT ALSO…
• Rice-fish systems in Asia
• Livestock and fish ponds in South-East Asia
• Integrated water-soil management
• Integrated landscape management…

15. Thank you
Anne.Mottet@fao.org