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Ecology of the Zenobia Shipwreck and Marine Research
- 1. Ecology of the Zenobia shipwreck and Marine Research Antonis Petrou Marine Biologist
- 2. SO WHAT’S THE BIG DEAL? © Larnaka Napa Sea Cruises
- 4. © Enalia Physis© Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis © Rassan Doubbane
- 6. Chromis Nursery © Enalia Physis
- 7. Juvenile Scorpion Fish - Nursery © Enalia Physis
- 9. THE BIODIVERSITY IS INSANE © Enalia Physis
- 10. CORALS © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis
- 11. SPONGES © Enalia Physis © Enalia Physis© Rassan Doubbane © Rassan Doubbane
- 12. © Enalia Physis
- 15. Negotiating space: Composition of the marine encrusting communities of the Zenobia Shipwreck (Larnaka, Cyprus] Energy, Environment and Water Research Center (EEWRC) Jimenez Carlos 1, 2, Petrou Antonis 2, Evriviadou Marina 1, 2, Hadjioanou Louis 2, Munkes Britta 3 and Lange Manfred A.1 [1] Energy, Environment, Water Research Centre of The Cyprus Institute, [2] Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre , Cyprus, [3] FB3 Marine Ecology, GeoMar, Germany
- 23. Coral Point Cover-Excel extensions [CPCe] www.nova.edu/ocean/cpce METHODS • Cover [area%] • Photo quadrates
- 24. • High diversity • Uncommon species [Levant] • Extreme conditions/substrate
- 25. CO2 ponds
- 26. Spill over and cascades
- 27. Thermistors
- 28. Comparative Evaluation of the encrusting communities at contrasting study sites Zenobia Wreck (Cyprus) vs Alice B Wreck (Lebanon)
- 29. ALICE-B 49m length © A.S. Haddad 30-38m depth Militias 1985
- 30. • Few differences in cover [%] • Different species composition & diversity • Heterotrophy (prey on large zooplankton) • Resilient species – “Cockroaches” • Recruitment and settlement differ • Different environmental histories • Management under extreme conditions ALICE-B vs. ZENOBIA © Enalia Physis
- 31. IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL DIVING ON THE “ZENOBIA” SHIPWRECK
- 32. IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL DIVING ON BENTHIC COMMUNITIES DIVING IS RAPIDLY-GROWING COMPONENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURISM INDUSTRY, ESPECIALLY IN THE MEDITERRANEAN SEA. DIVERS CAN EASILY DAMAGE MARINE ORGANISMS THROUGH PHYSICAL CONTACT WITH THEIR HANDS, BODY, EQUIPMENT, AND FINS.
- 33. "SS President Coolidge", Vanuatu "Thistlegorm", Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt "USS Oriskany", Pensacola, Florida "Fujikawa Maru", Truk, Micronesia "Blackjack B17", Milne Bay, Papua New Guinea "SS Yongala", off coast of Ayr, Australia "MV Captain Keith Tibbetts", Cayman Islands "Zenobia", Larnaca Bay, Cyprus "Umbria", Wingate Reef, Sudan "SMS Markgraf", Scapa Flow, Scotland. 2003, The Times: “Top 10 wreck dives in the world”
- 34. GETTING TOO FRIENDLY © Rassan Doubbane © Enalia Physis
- 35. FISH FEEDING © Rassan Doubbane
- 36. SURVIVABILITY IS INFLUENCED BY FEEDING © Enalia Physis
- 37. COMPETITION FOR PREY IS INFLUENCED BY FEEDING ACTIVITIES SO BALANCE IS AFFECTED © Alfonso Siciliano
- 38. Siciliano Alfonso, Petrou Antonis PHOTOQUADRATS TECHNIQUE AND USING OF CPCe SOFTWARE TO ESTIMATE THE IMPACT OF RECREATIONAL DIVING ON THE MACROALGAE COVERAGE OF THE SHIPWRECK "ZENOBIA" (CYPRUS - MEDITERRANEAN SEA) UNIVERSITY OF MESSINA © Alfonso Siciliano
- 39. THE METHOD © Alfonso Siciliano
- 40. We have chosen three areas to be sampled using transects, two "impact" zones (zone A and B), selected according to the classic routes that divers (recreational or otherwise) running on the shipwreck and, therefore, the possible impact that we decided to quantify, and a "control" zone (zone R). SAMPLING AREAS
- 41. Transect R Transect ATransect B © Alfonso Siciliano
- 42. RANDOM TRANSECT DESIGN © Alfonso Siciliano
- 44. Padina pavonica R TRANSECT B TRANSECT A TRANSECT 52% 3.7% 4% 3% 1.25% 0.11% 0% 1% 0.08% Sargassum sp. Peyssonnelia sp. SPECIFIC COVERAGE © Alfonso Siciliano
- 45. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the diving is having a significant impact on the macroalgae coverage of the shipwreck, especially in areas subject to high levels of use where divers come into contact with the hull. © Alfonso Siciliano
- 46. Mucilage Possible reasons: Change in temp, oceanographic changes, eutrophication events © Enalia Physis
- 47. Suggestions
- 48. Future research • Mucilage causes • Effect of air bubbles on the wreck’s ecology • Effect of oil • Further studies on the coralligenous communities and ichthyofauna © Enalia Physis
- 49. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS © Enalia Physis • Larnaka Napa Sea Cruises • AP Marine Environmental Consultancy Ltd • CORER German Program for the Lebanese Sea • University of Messina – Alfonso Siciliano • Octopus Divers Junieh – Lebanon • Rassan Doubbane
- 50. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! www.enaliaphysis.org.cy a.petrou@ enaliaphysis.org.cy info@enaliaphysis.org.cy