Ponencia presentada por la Doctora Sas

2. . Analytic Tactics
Destabilizing stable meanings
 In the shadows of powerful explanations
 When territory exits conventional framings:
it becomes institutionally mobile, nomadic
and can alter the meaning of nation‐state
membership.

4. Multiple immigration spaces
 The spaces (institutional, ideational, tactical) for
producing the migrant subject can be very diverse
 ‐ the new transnational class of professionals
 ‐ the contract‐labor worker entering for seasonal
work under specific short‐term conditions
 ‐ the business‐visa immigrant
 ‐ the family‐dependent immigrant
 ‐ the green card immigrant
 ‐ the high‐tech visa worker

5. Top 20 remittance‐recipient countries, 2006 (US$ billions)
Billions of Billions
dollars of dollars
1. India 21.7 11. Serbia 4.1
2. China 21.3 12. Pakistan 3.9
3. Mexico 18.1 13. Brazil 3.6
4. France 12.7 14. Bangladesh 3.4
5. Philippines 11.6 15. Egypt, Arab Rep. 3.3
6. Spain 6.9 16. Portugal 3.2
7. Belgium 6.8 17. Vietnam 3.2
8. Germany 6.5 18. Colombia 3.2
9. United Kingdom 6.4 19. United States 3
10. Morocco 4.2 20. Nigeria 2.8
Source: Author’s Calculations Based on IMF BoP Yearbook, 2004, and World Bank Staff estimates.

10. Surveillance regimes
 1,271 government organizations and 1,931
private companies work on programs related
to counterterrorism, homeland security and
intelligence in about 10,000 locations across
the US

 An estimated 854,000 people – nearly 1.5 times
as many people as live in Washington, D.C. –
hold top‐secret security clearances


11. .
 Of the estimated 265,000 private
companies doing intelligence work, 1,931
do work at the top‐secret level.
 Out of 854,000 people with top‐secret
clearance, the Post estimates that 265,000
are private contractors

12. Source: Washington Post. 2010. “Top Secret America,” Interactive Maps. Washington
Post, July 2010. http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top‐secret‐america/map/

14. INEQUALITY IS MADE
 The aims of economic systems can vary
greatly
 The modes in which governments regulate
economies

15. Income % of top 10% earners 1917‐2005
*Income is defined as market income but excludes capital gains
Source: Mishel, L. 2004. “Unfettered Markets, Income Inequality, and Religious Values.” Viewpoints. May 19, 2004.
Economic Policy Institute. Retrieved July 26, 2008 [ www.epi.org/content.cfm/
webfeatures_viewpoints_moral_markets_presentation.]

16. % Growth in After‐Tax
Income, USA 1979‐2007

17. Expulsions: Foreclosures
 2006 : 1.2 million foreclosures, up 42% from
2005. This is: One in every 92 U.S. households
 2007: 2.2 million forecls, up 75% from 06
 2008: 3.1 million, up 81% from 07
 2009: 3.9 million (or 1 in 45 US hholds)
 (From 2007 to 2009: 120% increase in forecls)
 2010: 2.9 mill forecls. (2006‐2010: total 14.2 mil)
 Source: RealtyTrac 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010;
Blomquist 2011

20. 20

21. 21

23. Table 1: RaIo ResidenIal Mortgage Debt to GDP (Select countries/end 2006)
Source: h*p://www.germany‐re.com/files/00034800/MS%20Housing%20Report%202007.pdf

24. Table 2: RaIo ResidenIal Mortgage Debt to GDP: Emerging Asia
Source: Warnock, Veronica Cacdac and Warnock, Francis E.,Markets and Housing Finance(February 2008).
Available at SSRN: h*p://ssrn.com/abstract=981641, retrieved 24 August 2008.

25. Table 8: Ra*o of Household Credit to Personal Disposable Income (2000‐05)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Emerging Markets
Czech Republic 8.5 10.1 12.9 16.4 21.3 27.1
Hungary 11.2 14.4 20.9 29.5 33.9 39.3
Poland 10.1 10.3 10.9 12.6 14.5 18.2
India 4.7 5.4 6.4 7.4 9.7 …
Korea 33.0 43.9 57.3 62.6 64.5 68.9
Philippines 1.7 4.6 5.5 5.5 5.6 …
Taiwan 75.1 72.7 76.0 83.0 95.5 …
Thailand 26.0 25.6 28.6 34.3 36.4 …
Mature Markets
Australia 83.3 86.7 95.6 109.0 119.0 124.5
France 57.8 57.5 58.2 59.8 64.2 69.2
Germany 70.4 70.1 69.1 70.3 70.5 70.0
Italy 25.0 25.8 27.0 28.7 31.8 34.8
Japan 73.6 75.7 77.6 77.3 77.9 77.8
Spain 65.2 70.4 76.9 86.4 98.8 112.7
United States 104.0 105.1 110.8 118.2 126.0 132.7
Source: IMF Staff esImates based on data from country authoriies, CEIC, OECD, and Bloomberg

26. Table 11: Share of Foreign‐Currency‐Denominated
Household Credit, End‐2005 (In percent of total household
credit)
Source: IMF 2006. “Global Financial Stability Report: Market Developments and Issues.” IMF: World
Economic and Financial Surveys. September, 2006. Retrieved August 26, 2008. [http://www.imf.org/external/
pubs/ft/GFSR/2006/02/pdf/chap2.pdf] p. 54

28. In the shadows of
“urbanization”
 In all the talk about the growth of urban
populations there is never mention of what
processes are feeding this growth.
 One set of processes consists of expulsions –
of people from their land due to “landgrabs”
or mining.
 Where do they go? To cities, where they will
add to the homeless and to the slums.

29. One instance
From 2006 to 2010: 70million hectares of land in
Afri ,LatAm, Cambodia, Ukraine bought/
leased by rich govts,firms,fin firms
 The land is now more valued than the people
or activities on it
 The active making of surplus populations
 Novel assemblage of Territory/Authority/
Rights

30. Africa: main target for land
acquisitions.
 Sudan: South Korea has signed deals for
690,000 hectares and the United Arab
Emirates (UAE) for 400,000 hectares.
 Ethiopia: Saudi investors are spending $100m
to raise wheat, barley and rice on land leased
to them by Ethiopia’s government; they
received tax exemptions and export the crop
back to Saudi Arabia.
30

31. .
 Congo: China secured the right to grow palm
oil for bio‐fuels on 2.8m hectares –this would
make it the world's largest palm‐oil
plantation.
 Zambia: China is negotiating to grow palm oil
for bio‐fuels on 2m hectares.
31

32. Russia and Ukraine
 Much buying of privatized land in the former
Soviet Union, especially in Russia and
Ukraine: some cases in 2008:
 A Swedish company (Alpcot Agro), bought
128,000 hectares in Russia.
 South Korea's Hyundai Heavy Industries paid
$6.5m for a majority stake in Khorol Zerno, a
company that owns 10,000 hectares in
eastern Siberia.
32

33. More Russia and Ukraine
 Morgan Stanley bought 40,000 hectares of
agricultural land in Ukraine.
 Gulf investors are planning to acquire Pava,
the first Russian grain processor to be floated
on the financial markets to sell 40% of its
landowning division, giving them access to
500,000 hectares.
33

34. Land plus military
protection
 Pakistan is offering half a million hectares of
land to Gulf investors with the promise of a
security force of 100,000 to protect the land.
34

35. Colombia: Anglo Gold Ashanti
 ..versus the people of Tolima
 Open mining –which will take 250,000 liters
of water for one hour of work.
 Wants to mine there for 15 years
 The area (Potosi) is a natural forest reserve,
that includes a watershed ecosystem
protected by law
 Area has 161 water springs (sources )

36. Consequences
 The land is now more valued than the people
or activities on it
 The active making of surplus populations
 Novel assemblage of TARs

37. Shift from National
Territory to Global
Commodity/Jurisdiction
 The Repositioning of Territory in the Global
Division of Functions.
 Making alternative jurisdictions: going beyond
older forms of extraterritoriality.
 Making parallel geopolitical circuits.
37

38. A disassembling
 Regardless of their differences all these
instances can be conceived of as structural
holes, or blank spaces, in the older social and
jurisdictional fabric of the nation‐state and
the interstate system.
 This entails a disassembling of nation‐state
territory,

39. .
 These types of trends are components of our
emergent global modernity.
 They are not anomalous.
 They are part of the shifting ground bubbling
in the as yet illegible world beneath the tip of
the iceberg.