Optimum Energy Management System

http://www.edgefxkits.com/
Abstract:
 This application keeps the database of the number of persons entering
as well as exiting.
 555 timer driven 38 KHz signal from IR LED gets interrupted on to the
IR receiver to sense the person entering as well as exiting which is fed
to a 555 timer.
 The output of 555 timer is fed to the Microcontroller for analyzing and
control purpose

Introduction:
 The project is designed to monitor the number of persons entering as
well as exiting a room. Electrical loads are switched ON as the first
person enters and switches OFF when the last person leaves. IR sensors
used in combination with microcontroller to monitor all the operations.
This helps in saving lot of energy.

Block Diagram:

Hard Ware Equipments:
 POWER SUPPLY BLOCK
 MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)
 IR LED
 BC547
 555 TIMER
 RELAY

Power Supply:
230 V AC
50 Hz
Bridge rectifier
Filter(470µf)
5v Regulator
5V DC
12V step down
transformer

555 TIMER
The 555 Has Three Operating Modes:
Monostable mode:
 In this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot". Applications include
timers, missing pulse detection, switches, touch switches, frequency
divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc.

Astable:
 The 555 can operate as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp
flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security
alarms, pulse position modulation, etc.
Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger:
 The 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and
no capacitor is used. Uses include bounce free latched switches, etc.

Micro Controller:
 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory
 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range
Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ
 Three-level Program Memory Lock
 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM
 32 Programmable I/O Lines
 Three 16-bit Timer/Counters
AT89S52

Relay:
It is a electro magnetic switch
Used to control the electrical devices
Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here

IR LED:
 An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special
purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of
760 nm wavelength.
 Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or
aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR
receivers, are commonly used as sensors.
 The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the
human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not
possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is
working or not, unlike a common LED.

BC547:
 The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.
 The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small
plastic packages.
 It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification
BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose
transistors.
 Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through
base and emitter and after that only current will pass from
collector to emitter

Circuit Diagram:

Circuit Diagram Explanation:
 There are two pair sensors, each kept at certain distance from the other.
One pair of sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver, kept exactly
opposite to each other. The transmitting part emits modulated IR light
which is received at the receiver end and fed to a microcontroller of
8051 family.
 When a person enters the room then microcontroller senses it (with the
help of IR sensors) and increments the count and displays it on 7
segment displays and also switches ON the load. In the same way
when a person exits the room, the count gets decremented. When the
last person exits from the room, the lamp is switched OFF. The load
operation is handled by a relay interfaced to the microcontroller.

Advantages:
 Managing and reducing energy consumption not only saves money but
also helps in mitigating climate change and enhancing corporate
reputation.
 Energy management is widely acknowledged as the best solution for
direct and immediate reduction of energy consumption.

Conclusion:
 Optimum Energy Management System is designed to monitor the number
of persons entering as well as exiting a room. Electrical loads are switched
ON as the first person enters and switches OFF when the last person
leaves. IR sensors used in combination with microcontroller to monitor all
the operations. This helps in saving lot of energy.

Optimum Energy Management System

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Optimum Energy Management System