By Sergio Sanchez, Clean Air Institute. Presented on Day Two of Transforming Transportation. Washington, D.C. January 15, 2010.

2. Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable, Low Carbon Transport Strategies in Latin America Sergio Sanchez The Clean Air Institute Washington DC, January 15th 2010

4. Understanding of Full Costs of Transport Externalities Need to be Improved and Disseminated Health, agriculture and biodiversity damages of air pollution traffic congestion accidents noise productivity losses diminished competitiveness

5. Pricing carbon, air quality and congestion Marginal cost for cars (US Cents / mile, price adjusted 2005)

6. Health Costs of Environmental Deterioration in Latin America and the Caribbean (% GDP)

7. Cost of Environmental Deteriorationin Mexico by Category (2004) Costs of environmental deterioration in Mexico reaches 9% of GDP. More than 85% of these costs are associated to outdoor and indoor air pollution.

8. Source: Cifuentes (2005)

9. Non profit organization, based in Washington DC, created by the members of the Clean Air Initiative for Latin American Cities (CAI-LAC). CAI-LAC launched on 7 large cities of Latin America in 1998. Mission: Improve air quality and mitigate climate change through partnerships, dialogue, knowledge dissemination and institutional strengthening of key players in the region The Clean Air Institute

10. The GEF STAQ Program:Integrated effort throughout four linked projects Argentina Project PTUBA Rosario Cordoba Tucuman Posadas Brazil Project ANTP Belho Horizonte Curitiba Sao Paulo Regional Project Clean Air Institute Mexico Project SEDESOL Ciudad Juarez Puebla Leon Monterrey

11. Objectives High Level Reduce rate of growth of GHG from transport in Latin America The STAQ Program addresses the most common barriers that exist at the city and national level to implementing sustainable transport practices in Latin America Development Country specific Reduce growth of GHG by less energy transport Create policy guidelines and address barriers Development Regional Create network of key stakeholders Help cities to develop SUT strategies Strengthen city’s capacity to measure impacts of transport policies

12. Major Barriers Institutional Fragmented visions & decision making mechanisms Deficient regulation, enforcement and compliance Technical Deficient understanding of options, benefits & costs Preference for known BAU solutions Social Deficient key stakeholders involvement Dominant social and individual beliefs and aspirations favouring private cars. Financial Wrong economic incentives Inadequate capacity to access finance Limited private sector involvement

14. Non Motorized Transport

15. Land Use and Transport Planning

16. Travel demand management

17. Freight Management

18. Clean Fuels and Vehicles

19. Approach to reduce emissions

20. Avoid or rationalize the future need to travel

21. Shifting travel to more efficient modes,

30. Contact information Sergio Sanchez Executive Director Clean Air Institute ssanchez@cleanairinstitute.org +1 (202) 785 4222 x 13