RESOLVE – Range of Electric Solutions for Lcategory Vehicles

This project has received funding from the [European
Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 653511
Marco Pieve
Piaggio & C. SpA

RESOLVE Agenda
§ Concept, Barriers, Objectives and Strategies
§ Technical achievements
§ What customers ask for
2

RESOLVE Project
§ Project full title: Range of Electric SOlutions for L-category VEhicles
§ EC Call: H2020 - GV.5-2014 - Electric two-wheelers and new light vehicle concepts
§ Contract Number: n° 653511
§ Project Start Date: 01.05.2015
§ Duration: 36 Months
§ Project costs: 6,92 M€
§ EU Contribution: 6,92 M€
§ Project Coordinator: Piaggio & C. S.p.A.
§ Project Officer: Georgios Charalampous
3

§ AIT (A)
§ IDIADA (SP)
§ Bosch (D)
§ KISKA (A)
§ KTM (A)
§ MARELLI (IT)
§ Piaggio (IT) - coordinator
§ RE:Lab (IT)
§ Ricardo (D)
§ University of Firenze (IT)
§ University of Pisa (IT)
§ University of Prague (CZ)
§ University of Warwick (UK)
§ Wamtechnik (PL)
Consortium
§ A strong and well-balanced Consortium made of 14 partners:
4

Project Background
§ Future mobility scenarios for EU urban areas see a modal shift in
personal mobility from family cars to lighter, smaller and more
environmentally friendly alternatives1.
§ Besides walking and cycling, these alternatives include a range of L-
category vehicles (LVs) — with a growing share of electric.
§ Urban policies should encourage Electric LVs adoption; particularly,
four limiting factors are slowing down the diffusion of ELVs: cost,
energy efficiency, attractiveness and riders willingness to use.
1 cfr. White Paper on Transport 2011 par. 2.4.32: “The use of smaller, lighter and more specialised road
passenger vehicles must be encouraged”
5

Concept, Barriers, Objectives and Strategies
Limiting factors of ELV widespread adoption
Cost
Attractiveness
in urban areas
Willingness
to use
Develop a
range of
electric
powertrain
Demonstrate
through two
tilting 4-
wheelers
prototypes
Improve
rider
experience
Increasing
willingness to
use of ELVs
RESOLVE CONCEPT:
making Electric LVs practical alternatives to cars
Objectives
Policy factors
Energy
Efficiency
6

RESOLVE advances in a nutshell
Demonstrated on tilting 4-wheelers concepts
ready to be applied to a wide RANGE of LV-Types
Common approach to design and simulation
Synergies on components
Long term vision
7

#1: To develop an integrated, scalable, modular range of fully
electric LV drivetrains…
§ Modularity
§ Economies of scale, flexibility
§ Scalability
§ Same hardware, ad-hoc reconfigurable
software
§ Functional integration (all-in-one)
§ Reduction of design complexity and number of
components
§ Use of SotA low-cost solutions
§ Cost reduction due to economies of scale
8
…that will have marginal unit manufacturing costs of not more than
€300 (4kW drivetrain), for a design volume of 10,000 per year

Modularity: Battery Pack
§ A universal 48V module 12S4P allows for realizing different battery packs
(shape, volume and capacity)
Vehicle demonstrators D1 D2
Cell type Li-Ion 18650
Module 12S4P (518 Wh)
Number of modules 2 x 3 modules 1 x 8 modules
Operating Voltage Range 30 – 50,4 Vdc
Battery Nominal Energy 3,11 kWh 4,14 kWh
Weight (approx.) 2 x 10kg ~ 22 kg
Dimensions L/W/H [mm] 300 x 258 x 76 368 x 258 x 76
Charge current 20 ADC 40 ADC
Discharge current
80 ADC cont.
100 A peak
(per battery pack)
140 ADC cont.
200 A peak
Operating temperature
disch.
-20 – +60 °C
D1 battery pack – 2 x 3 modules,
~3 kWh (2 swappable batteries)
D2 battery pack – 8 modules,
~4 kWh (structural function)
9

Scalability and functional integration: DMM
§ Integration of electric vehicle functions in a single scalable
hw component
§ Ad-hoc software development (know-how)
10
Functionalities
DC/DC Converter
Inverter
Control Unit
Battery charger
CAN communication
DMM specification of inverter
Range DC Input 27 - 56 V DC
Max. Power output
(peak)
4 kW
Max. revolution speed 12’000 rpm
Drivetrain Management Module
(DMM)

Use of SotA low-cost solutions
§ Technology transfer and adaptation of solutions already
developed in automotive field
11
E-motor
Inverter
E-motor Inverter
• Three phase brushless internal
permanent magnet motor
• Transmission gearing integrated
• Motor electrically excited
synchronous machine with claw pole
rotor and additional ferrite magnets
• Power electronic unit integrated
D1 D2

#2: To showcase advances to State-of-the-Art (SotA) in two
tilting four-wheelers demonstrators…
12
…belonging to L2e and L6e categories, with energy efficiencies of
35 Wh/km and 41 Wh/km on a realistic urban journey profile
Specifications D1 D2
Vehicle curb weight [kg] 200 250
Battery weight [Kg] 25 28
On board energy [kWh] 3,1 4,1
Max cont. Power [kW] 4 6
Max width [mm] 754 1184
Max length [mm] 1900 2287
Wheelbase [mm] 1300 1719
Seat height [mm] 800 724
Front track [mm] 466 707
Rear track [mm] 370 440
Max lean angle [°] 36 45
Roll lock system Manual Autom.
D1 - L2e category
(three-wheel moped)
4 kW – 45 km/h
D2 - L6e category
(light quadricycle)
6 kW – 45 km/h

Energy efficiency: predicted performances
D1 - L2e D2 - L6e
Top speed [km/h] Limited to 45 km/h
Acceleration
0 – 45 km/h
[s] 3,1 4,6
Energy consumption
WMTC
[kWh/100km] 3,9 5,2
Range
WMTC
[km] 105* 81*
Range
NEDC
[km] 103* 80*
*Calculation made with
battery capacity 4,14
kWh for both vehicles
Scooter 125cc:~4 sec
Twizy:~6,1 sec
Twizy: 90 km (declared)
Battery 6,1 kWh
WMTC driving cycle operating points
D2
D1
13

#3: To improve the driver experience of ELVs.
…developing a multi-wheel vehicle control algorithm that will improve
handling/stability and HMI improvements that address range anxiety…
l INCREASE RANGE by Regenerative Braking
– Driver should not perceive any difference between regenerative and “non-regenerative”
deceleration
l REDUCE RANGE ANXIETY by Smart Range Management
– Driver should feel safe and confident that the final destination can be reached within the given
battery charge
l IMPROVE DYNAMIC SAFETY by Stability Control
– dynamic behaviour similar to PTW but safety increased with two tires for each axle with a
dedicated vehicle control
14

#3: Make rider safe and comfortable: HMI
§ ad-hoc controls enabling the rider to have a safer, highly ergonomic and effective
interaction with the vehicle
§ real time helpful information issued to improve ELV
efficiency and rider comfort
§ Smart Range Management
§ Regenerative Braking
15
On board TFT Display
smartphone APP

#4: To make ELVs more attractive to car drivers…
16
resulting in an increase in the percentage of car drivers that consider
LVs as a viable alternative to their cars for their urban travel needs.
§ Attractive vehicles taking into account User Needs

Willingness to use is not just a matter of attractive vehicles
§ Cost: electric scooter is expected to have a purchasing price comparable to a
conventional ICE (mostly 50cc),
§ Range autonomy in real driving situation is always expected more than 60km;
§ Convenience and easy of use rather than the aesthetics are key purchasing factors,
even if constrained by current limited offer.
§ Quality: customer pays attention to the brand, especially at technical parts (i.e.
engine and battery)
17
Alternative strategies and
business models to be
explored

Next steps
§ In-lab and track tests to assess performances and targets
resulting from simulation
§ Acceptability tests and user survey ex-post to assess
attractiveness of RESOLVE concepts
§ Refinement of cost analysis and market analysis to look for
Business Model Innovation
18

Main achievements vs. objectives
19
Indicator
Units
used
Project reference Project objective Current achievements
Types of
vehicles
Overall vehicle
energy
efficiency
improvement
[Wh/km]
Smart Range Management,
regenerative braking
Energy consumption in real driving
conditions
35 Wh/km (D1);
41 Wh/km (D2)
Simulations indicated values
slightly higher considering ideal
conditions. Realistic targets to be
assessed after test are: 45 Wh/km
(D1); 54 Wh/km (D2)
L-category
Vehicle weight
reduction
[kg] or %
Reduce vehicle weight by
reducing weight of
battery and optimal
weight distribution
15% comparing to similar priced
vehicle. Weight (including driver)
targets
D1 - 225 kg; D2 – 325 kg
D1 about 275 kg, D2 about 350 kg
- estimated weight from virtual
mock-up and realized components
L-category
Demonstrator
developed
Full electric vehicles
2 tilting four-wheelers L2e, L6e
category
3 tilting (2 four-wheelers and 1
three wheeler)
L-category
Cost reduction
through
functional
integration
[€]
Modularity and generic
powertrain simulation
model to enable
scalability; Functional
integration to reduce
complexity;
Integrated, scalable, modular range
of fully electric LV drivetrains will
have marginal unit manufacturing
costs of not more than €300 (4kW
drivetrain), for a design volume of
10,000 per year
4kW drivetrain management
module (DMM) is expected to cost
€500 for 2000 volume per year
L-category

Thank you for attention
www.resolve-project.eu
20

RESOLVE – Range of Electric Solutions for Lcategory Vehicles

Empfohlen

Empfohlen

Weitere ähnliche Inhalte

Was ist angesagt?

Was ist angesagt? (20)

Ähnlich wie RESOLVE – Range of Electric Solutions for Lcategory Vehicles

Ähnlich wie RESOLVE – Range of Electric Solutions for Lcategory Vehicles (20)

Mehr von European Green Vehicle Initiative

Mehr von European Green Vehicle Initiative (11)

Kürzlich hochgeladen

Kürzlich hochgeladen (20)

RESOLVE – Range of Electric Solutions for Lcategory Vehicles